Spring框架针对数据库开发中的应用提供了 JDBCTemplate 类,该类是 Spring 对 JDBC 支持的核心,它提供了所有对数据库操作功能的支持。
Spring 框架提供的JDBC支持主要由四个包组成,分别是 core(核心包)、object(对象包)、dataSource(数据源包)和 support(支持包),org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate 类就包含在核心包中。作为 Spring JDBC 的核心,JdbcTemplate 类中包含了所有数据库操作的基本方法。
JdbcTemplate 类继承自抽象类 JdbcAccessor,同时实现了 JdbcOperations 接口。其直接父类 JdbcAccessor 为子类提供了一些访问数据库时使用的公共属性。
以Maven项目案例的形式给大家介绍JdbcTemplate的具体使用。
项目案例主要的流程为:通过service层调用dao层,然后通过dao层调用JdbcTemplate模板进行数据库操作,最后使用Demo测试类,在测试类中调用service层,测试是否能操作数据。
项目核心的部分包含:1)项目相关依赖 2)spring核心配置文件 3)service层内容 4)dao层内容 5)Demo测试类内容
具体内容如下:
1.相关依赖
<!--spring基础依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.3.20</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring连接数据库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.20</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql数据库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.29</version>
</dependency>
<!--连接池-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
<version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.30</version>
</dependency>
2. Spring核心配置文件:applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student_db"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="12345678"/>
</bean>
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="studentDao" class="com.laoma.dao.impl.StudentDaoImpl">
<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
</bean>
<bean id="studentService" class="com.laoma.service.impl.StudentServiceImpl">
<property name="studentDao" ref="studentDao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
3. 实体类:Student
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private String birth;
private String sex;
}
4. service层接口:StudentService
public interface StudentService {
public Student getStudentById(int id);
public List<Student> listStudents();
public List<Student> listStudentsBySex(String sex);
public int updateNameById(String name,int id);
}
5.Service层实现类 :StudentServiceImpl
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
private StudentDao studentDao;
public void setStudentDao(StudentDao studentDao) {
this.studentDao = studentDao;
}
@Override
public Student getStudentById(int id) {
return studentDao.getStudentById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Student> listStudents() {
return studentDao.listStudents();
}
@Override
public List<Student> listStudentsBySex(String sex) {
return studentDao.listStudentsBySex(sex);
}
@Override
public int updateNameById(String name, int id) {
return studentDao.updateNameById(name,id);
}
}
6. Dao层接口:StudentDao
public interface StudentDao {
public Student getStudentById(int id);
public List<Student> listStudents();
public List<Student> listStudentsBySex(String sex);
public int updateNameById(String name,int id);
}
7. Dao层接口 实现类: StudentDaoImpl
public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
}
@Override
public Student getStudentById(int id) {
String sql = "select * from t_student where id=?";
/**
* T queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper, @Nullable Object... args)
* 1. String sql 执行的sql语句,可以使用占位符
* 2. RowMapper<T> 接口:
* 2.1 mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) : 查询出数据的每一行的映射
* 2.1.1 ResultSet rs :结果中存储的是一个行的数据
* 2.1.2 int rowNum:每一行的下标
* 3. Object... args: 可变参 :传递过来的参数,可以匹配sql中的占位符
*/
Student student = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new RowMapper<Student>() {
@Override
public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
stu.setName(rs.getString("name"));
stu.setBirth(rs.getString("birth"));
stu.setSex(rs.getString("sex"));
return stu;
}
},id);
return student;
}
@Override
public List<Student> listStudents() {
//-:定义sql语句
String sql = "select * from t_student";
/**
* 执行jdb
* <T> List<T> query(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper)
* 1. String sql 执行的sql语句
* 2. RowMapper<T> 接口:
* 2.1 mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) : 查询出数据的每一行的映射
* 2.1.1 ResultSet rs :结果中存储的是一个行的数据
* 2.1.2 int rowNum:每一行的下标
*/
List<Student> students = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Student>() {
@Override
public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
stu.setName(rs.getString("name"));
stu.setBirth(rs.getString("birth"));
stu.setSex(rs.getString("sex"));
return stu;
}
});
return students;
}
@Override
public List<Student> listStudentsBySex(String sex) {
String sql = "select * from t_student where sex=?";
/**
* List<T> query(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper, @Nullable Object... args)
* 1. String sql 执行的sql语句,可以使用占位符
* 2. RowMapper<T> 接口:
* 2.1 mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) : 查询出数据的每一行的映射
* 2.1.1 ResultSet rs :结果中存储的是一个行的数据
* 2.1.2 int rowNum:每一行的下标
* 3. Object... args: 可变参 :传递过来的参数,可以匹配sql中的占位符
*/
List<Student> students = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Student>() {
@Override
public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
stu.setName(rs.getString("name"));
stu.setBirth(rs.getString("birth"));
stu.setSex(rs.getString("sex"));
return stu;
}
},sex);
return students;
}
@Override
public int updateNameById(String name, int id) {
String sql = "update t_student set name=? where id=?";
/**
* int update(String sql, @Nullable Object... args)
* 1. String sql 执行的sql语句,可以使用占位符
* 2. Object... args: 可变参 :传递过来的参数,可以匹配sql中的占位符
*/
int res = jdbcTemplate.update(sql,name,id);
return res;
}
}
8. 测试类:Demo
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
StudentService studentService = (StudentService) context.getBean("studentService");
//-查询所有的数据
List<Student> students = studentService.listStudents();
System.out.println(students);
//-根据性别查询所有的数据
List<Student> students1 = studentService.listStudentsBySex("女");
System.out.println(students1);
//-根据Id查询指定的对象信息
Student student = studentService.getStudentById(2);
System.out.println(student);
//-更新数据
int res = studentService.updateNameById("汤姆",5);
if(res>0){
System.out.println("修改成功");
//-:查询出修改之后的数据
students = studentService.listStudents();
System.out.println(students);
}else{
System.out.println("修改失败");
}
}
}
到此,整个流程结束!