Mybatis中SQL语句执行过程详解

前面的十来篇文章我们对Mybatis中的配置和使用已经进行了比较详细的说明,想了解的朋友可以查看一下我专栏中的其他文章。

但是你对整个SQL语句操作的流程了解吗?如果你还不是很了解,那么可以继续往下看,如果你已经了解了,那么可以跳过啦大笑(因为一大推的源码估计要看的你头晕啊!!!)


所有语句的执行都是通过SqlSession对象来操作的,SqlSession是由SqlSessionFactory类生成的。

首先根据配置文件来创建一个SqlSessionFactory,然后调用openSession来获取一个SqlSession。我们从时序图来看看可能会更加清晰:

(1)生成SqlSessionFactory对象(默认实现是DefaultSqlSessionFactory)的过程

public SqlSessionFactory build(Reader reader, String environment, Properties properties) {
    try {
      XMLConfigBuilder parser = new XMLConfigBuilder(reader, environment, properties);
      return build(parser.parse());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error building SqlSession.", e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
      try {
        reader.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // Intentionally ignore. Prefer previous error.
      }
    }
  }

// Mybatis 通过SqlSessionFactory获取SqlSession, 然后才能通过SqlSession与数据库进行交互
	private static SqlSessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
		SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
		String resource = "configuration.xml";
		try {
			sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return sessionFactory;
	}

(2)获取SqlSession对象

通过调用DefaultSqlSessionFactory的openSession()方法来获取SqlSession对象。

@Override
  public SqlSession openSession() {
    return openSessionFromDataSource(configuration.getDefaultExecutorType(), null, false);
  }

private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
    Transaction tx = null;
    try {
      final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
      final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
      tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
      final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType);
      return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }

通过代码可以看出,最终返回的是一个DefaultSqlSession实例对象。接下来就是根据这个DefaultSqlSession来获取对应的Mapper对象。


(3)获取MapperProxy对象

UserDao userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);  

如上所示,通过SqlSession对象调用getMapper()方法来获取相应的Dao接口实现。我们通过代码跟踪一直往下看:

DefaultSqlSession类中:

@Override
  public <T> T getMapper(Class<T> type) {
    return configuration.<T>getMapper(type, this);
  }

Configuration类中:

public <T> T getMapper(Class<T> type, SqlSession sqlSession) {
    return mapperRegistry.getMapper(type, sqlSession);
  }

MapperRegistry类中:

 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public <T> T getMapper(Class<T> type, SqlSession sqlSession) {
    final MapperProxyFactory<T> mapperProxyFactory = (MapperProxyFactory<T>) knownMappers.get(type);
    if (mapperProxyFactory == null) {
      throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is not known to the MapperRegistry.");
    }
    try {
      return mapperProxyFactory.newInstance(sqlSession);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new BindingException("Error getting mapper instance. Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

在MapperRegistry类中维护着一个Map,这个Map中存储着每个Mapper类型和其对应的代理对象工厂类,如下定义所示:

private final Map<Class<?>, MapperProxyFactory<?>> knownMappers = new HashMap<Class<?>, MapperProxyFactory<?>>();

在mybatis初始化的过程中就根据配置文件<mappers>元素的配置,将相关的映射文件给加载到了内存,同时保存到了这个knownMappers中。这里,在调用getMapper()的时候,就会从这个knownMappers中寻找该Dao接口,如果没有找到,就直接抛出异常,说明没有在配置文件中配置说明,如果获取到了,那么就拿出其对应的代理对象工厂类出来,并从工厂类中通过newInstance()方法来获取一个代理对象。


MapperProxyFactory类中:

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  protected T newInstance(MapperProxy<T> mapperProxy) {
    return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mapperInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { mapperInterface }, mapperProxy);
  }

  public T newInstance(SqlSession sqlSession) {
    final MapperProxy<T> mapperProxy = new MapperProxy<T>(sqlSession, mapperInterface, methodCache);
    return newInstance(mapperProxy);
  }

从代码可以看出来,其实我们调用sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class)方法的时候,返回的是一个和UserDao接口对应的MapperProxy代理对象。如下定义所示,MapperProxy类是一个实现了InvocationHandler的代理类:

public class MapperProxy<T> implements InvocationHandler, Serializable


上面的代码,如果整理成时序图,如下所示:

拿到了Dao接口的代理对象后,我们应该就可以进行具体的增删改查了,我们继续往下看。


(4)Executor对象

当拿到了UserDao对象(其实是MapperProxy代理对象)后,我们调用Dao接口中定义的方法,如下所示:

User user = userMapper.findUserById(10);  

这时候便调用了MapperProxy对象的invoke方法了;

@Override
  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
      try {
        return method.invoke(this, args);
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
      }
    }
    final MapperMethod mapperMethod = cachedMapperMethod(method);
    return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args);
  }

MapperMethod类中:

public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
    Object result;
    switch (command.getType()) {
      case INSERT: {
    	Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
        result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param));
        break;
      }
      case UPDATE: {
        Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
        result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param));
        break;
      }
      case DELETE: {
        Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
        result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param));
        break;
      }
      case SELECT:
        if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) {
          executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args);
          result = null;
        } else if (method.returnsMany()) {
          result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args);
        } else if (method.returnsMap()) {
          result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args);
        } else if (method.returnsCursor()) {
          result = executeForCursor(sqlSession, args);
        } else {
          Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
          result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param);
        }
        break;
      case FLUSH:
        result = sqlSession.flushStatements();
        break;
      default:
        throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName());
    }
    if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) {
      throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName() 
          + " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType() + ").");
    }
    return result;
  }

从上面这个方法实现上可以看出,已经根据执行方法(CRUD)进行了不同的处理,我们简单看一个方法executeForMany,代码如下所示:

private <E> Object executeForMany(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
    List<E> result;
    Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
    if (method.hasRowBounds()) {
      RowBounds rowBounds = method.extractRowBounds(args);
      result = sqlSession.<E>selectList(command.getName(), param, rowBounds);
    } else {
      result = sqlSession.<E>selectList(command.getName(), param);
    }
    // issue #510 Collections & arrays support
    if (!method.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(result.getClass())) {
      if (method.getReturnType().isArray()) {
        return convertToArray(result);
      } else {
        return convertToDeclaredCollection(sqlSession.getConfiguration(), result);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

通过观察这些代码,发现最终的实现都是通过sqlSession对象来进行操作的。我们继续往里看,看看selectList方法:

@Override
  public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement) {
    return this.selectList(statement, null);
  }

  @Override
  public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter) {
    return this.selectList(statement, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT);
  }

  @Override
  public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) {
    try {
      MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
      return executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }
  }

可以看到,内部是把查询操作委托给了一个Executor对象(即executor.query()),Executor是一个接口,mybatis为其实现了一个抽象基类BaseExecutor,我们跟踪上面的代码中的query方法继续往里看:


BaseExecutor类中:

@Override
  public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
    BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameter);
    CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameter, rowBounds, boundSql);
    return query(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
 }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
    ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());
    if (closed) {
      throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
    }
    if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
      clearLocalCache();
    }
    List<E> list;
    try {
      queryStack++;
      list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null;
      if (list != null) {
        handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
      } else {
        list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
      }
    } finally {
      queryStack--;
    }
    if (queryStack == 0) {
      for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {
        deferredLoad.load();
      }
      // issue #601
      deferredLoads.clear();
      if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) {
        // issue #482
        clearLocalCache();
      }
    }
    return list;
  }

在上面的方法中,我们看到当list==null的时候会调用queryFromDatabase()方法,这个方法如下:

private <E> List<E> queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
    List<E> list;
    localCache.putObject(key, EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER);
    try {
      list = doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
    } finally {
      localCache.removeObject(key);
    }
    localCache.putObject(key, list);
    if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) {
      localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter);
    }
    return list;
  }

然后会调用doQuery()方法,BaseExecutor中的doQuery方法定义成了抽象方法,由具体的继承类进行个性化的实现。这里,我们拿mybatis中默认使用的SimpleExecutor来看看:

SimpleExecutor类中:

 @Override
  public <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
    Statement stmt = null;
    try {
      Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
      StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
      stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());
      return handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler);
    } finally {
      closeStatement(stmt);
    }
  }

从这个方法可以看到,首先根据调用Configuration类的newStatementHandler方法来获取一个sql操作对象:

Configuration类中:

public StatementHandler newStatementHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) {
    StatementHandler statementHandler = new RoutingStatementHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
    statementHandler = (StatementHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(statementHandler);
    return statementHandler;
  }

RoutingStatementHandler类中:

public RoutingStatementHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) {

    switch (ms.getStatementType()) {
      case STATEMENT:
        delegate = new SimpleStatementHandler(executor, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
        break;
      case PREPARED:
        delegate = new PreparedStatementHandler(executor, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
        break;
      case CALLABLE:
        delegate = new CallableStatementHandler(executor, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
        break;
      default:
        throw new ExecutorException("Unknown statement type: " + ms.getStatementType());
    }

  }

可以看到,这里根据配置来创建Statement、PreparedStatement或者CallableStatement三者之中的一个。然后调用相应的方法,如query()方法。以SimpleStatementHandler为例,我们看看具体的sql操作:

 @Override
  public <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
    String sql = boundSql.getSql();
    statement.execute(sql);
    return resultSetHandler.<E>handleResultSets(statement);
  }

看到这里,我们终于看到了黎明的曙光,因为这里已经看到Jdbc中的数据库操作代码了,即statement.execute(sql)。在查询完之后使用resultSetHandler来进行查询结果集的处理。

上面的代码的整体流程图大概如下所示:

至此,一次完整的sql解析和处理过程便讲解完毕了,感兴趣的可以自己对着源码看看。


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