1、在建立BLE设备进行通信时注意3点
1.1、蓝牙位置权限必须动态申请(Android 6.0以上),如果没有动态申请会出现下面的问题
Need BLUETOOTH permission: Neither user 10063 nor current process has android.permission.BLUETOOTH.
1.2、尽管设置了BluetoothGatt中的setCharacteristicNotification(),但无法触发BluetoothGattCallback中的onCharacteristicChanged()方法
需要重新写setCharacteristicNotification()方法
1.3、读写和设置通知都是单步操作,必须执行完一个才能执行第二个,否则会操作失败
2、BLE通信基本流程
作者认为BLE连接与通信关键点是两个回调。
2.1、蓝牙扫描回调(BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback、ScanCallback(此方法使用不在赘述,参见作者的蓝牙扫描(简单)))
如果蓝牙扫描成功会执行onLeScan方法,可以获得设备的基本信息,例如:设备名字、设备地址
2.2、蓝牙连接回调(BluetoothGattCallback)
这个回调方法比较多需要细看。这个回调中常用的有以下几个方法:
onConnectionStateChange:当回调执行、状态发生变化时执行,在此方法中常用来搜索服务(BluetoothGatt#discoverServices())
onServicesDiscovered:当搜索服务执行时执行,在此方法中可以获得蓝牙设备服务的相关信息和特征的信息,例如:服务的UUID、特征的UUID、特征的属性等。
onCharacteristicWrite:当向蓝牙设备发送写命令(BluetoothGatt#writeCharacteristic())时执行,在此方法中可以获得蓝牙设备发送命令的执行状态。
onCharacteristicChanged:当向蓝牙设备发送写命令成功,并且提醒移动设备接收蓝牙设备返回的数据(BluetoothGatt#setCharacteristicNotification())时执行,此方法用来处理蓝牙返回的数据。
onCharacteristicRead:当向蓝牙设备发送读命令(BluetoothGatt#readCharacteristic())执行。
2.3、建立通信的过程
动态申请蓝牙位置权限;
获得蓝牙适配器、判断蓝牙是否支持、蓝牙是否打开;
扫描蓝牙(调用BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback、或者调用ScanCallback),在onLeScan(或者调用onScanResult)中处理蓝牙回调的蓝牙设备信息;
与蓝牙设备建立连接(调用BluetoothGattCallback),首先在onConnectionStateChange()方法中搜索服务,然后在onServicesDiscovered()方法中获得服务的UUID、特征的UUID和目标特征,根据服务的UUID、特征的UUID和目标特征与蓝牙设备建立连接,并向设备发送写命令,同时提醒移动设备接收蓝牙数据;
在onCharacteristicChanged方法中接收蓝牙返回的数据。
2.4、蓝牙通用唯一识别码(UUID,Universally Unique Identifier)的理解
一个设备中有多个服务(多个服务的UUID),一个服务中有多个特征(多个特征的UUID),多个设备的UUID可以都相同。
例如:
设备1:dev-01{server1(ser_UUID-01):{characteristic1_1(char1_UUID-01),characteristic1_2(char1_UUID-02),characteristic1_3(char1_UUID-03)},
server2(ser_UUID-02):{characteristic2_1(char2_UUID-01),characteristic2_2(char2_UUID-02),characteristic2_3,(char2_UUID-03)}}
设备2:dev-02{server1(ser_UUID-01):{characteristic1_1(char1_UUID-01),characteristic1_2(char1_UUID-02),characteristic1_3(char1_UUID-03)},
server2(ser_UUID-02):{characteristic2_1(char2_UUID-01),characteristic2_2(char2_UUID-02),characteristic2_3,(char2_UUID-03)}}
3、权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-feature
android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le"
android:required="true" />
4、xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/search"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="搜索"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/link"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="连接"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/getData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="接收数据"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/result"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="数据字节长度"/>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/lv"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</ListView>
</LinearLayout>
5、java代码
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private ArrayList<String> data = null;
private ListView listView = null;
private BluetoothAdapter bta = null;
private BluetoothManager btm = null;
private Button button = null;
private Button link = null;
private Button getDataButton = null;
private TextView result = null;
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = null;
private BluetoothGatt btg = null;
private BluetoothDevice mDevice=null;
private Handler handler = new Handler();
private boolean isScanning = true;
private boolean isLinking = false;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// 获得数据
this.data = new ArrayList<>();
// 初始化控件
this.initView();
this.checkBlePermission();
}
// 初始化控件
private void initView() {
this.result = findViewById(R.id.result);
// 获得button
this.button = findViewById(R.id.search);
this.button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 扫描蓝牙
scanBle();
}
});
this.link = findViewById(R.id.link);
this.link.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(!isScanning){
linkBlue();
}else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "没有扫描到蓝牙设备",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
this.getDataButton = findViewById(R.id.getData);
this.getDataButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(isLinking){
getData();
}else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "蓝牙设备没建立连接",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
// 初始化ListView
this.adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, this.data);
this.listView = findViewById(R.id.lv);
this.listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
/*----- 搜索蓝牙设备 -----*/
// 扫描蓝牙
private void scanBle() {
btm = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
// 初始化蓝牙适配器
if(btm == null){
return;
}
bta = btm.getAdapter();
if(bta == null){
this.result.setText("The bluetooth not support");
this.result.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
return;
}
// 打开蓝牙
if (!bta.isEnabled()) {
Intent enable = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enable, 1);
} else {
bta.startLeScan(oldBtsc);
// 设置扫描时间
handler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
bta.stopLeScan(oldBtsc);
Log.d("------------","停止扫描");
}
}, 8000);
}
}
private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback oldBtsc = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
@Override
public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
if(device.getName().equals("ECG-XA01")){
mDevice=device;
data.add(device.getAddress() + ""+ device.getName());
Log.d("------------", device.getAddress());
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
bta.stopLeScan(oldBtsc);
isScanning = false;
}
}
};
/*----- 搜索蓝牙服务和特征 -----*/
// 连接蓝牙
private void linkBlue(){
btg = mDevice.connectGatt(MainActivity.this, true, btgcb);
}
// 获得数据
private void getData(){
BluetoothGattService service = btg.getService(UUID.fromString("0000180F-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"));
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic1= service.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("11111102-5544-7766-9988-AABBCCDDEEFF"));
setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic1, true);
if(btg.writeCharacteristic(characteristic1)){
Log.d("------------","writeCharacteristic");
}
}
private BluetoothGattCallback btgcb = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
super.onConnectionStateChange(gatt, status, newState);
if(newState == BluetoothGatt.STATE_CONNECTED){
Log.d("------------","ConnectionStateChange");
// 搜索服务
btg.discoverServices();
}
}
@Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt, status);
Log.d("------------","ServicesDiscovered");
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
List<BluetoothGattService> supportedGattServices = btg.getServices();
for(int i=0;i<supportedGattServices.size();i++){
Log.d("------------","1:BluetoothGattService UUID=:"+supportedGattServices.get(i).getUuid());
List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> listGattCharacteristic=supportedGattServices.get(i).getCharacteristics();
for(int j=0;j<listGattCharacteristic.size();j++){
Log.d("------------","2:BluetoothGattCharacteristic UUID=:"+listGattCharacteristic.get(j).getUuid());
}
}
BluetoothGattService service1 = btg.getService(UUID.fromString("0000300F-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"));
final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic1= service1.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("11111101-5544-7766-9988-AABBCCDDEEFF"));
characteristic1.setValue(new byte[]{0x01, 0x01});
btg.writeCharacteristic(characteristic1);
btg.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic1, true);
Log.d("------------","write success ");
} else {
Log.d("------------", "onservicesdiscovered收到: " + status);
}
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt, characteristic, status);
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
super.onCharacteristicWrite(gatt, characteristic, status);
Log.d("------------", "CharacteristicWrite" + status);
if(status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS){
// 连接成功
isLinking = true;
}
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt, characteristic);
Log.d("------------", "CharacteristicChanged");
// 查看字节长度
Log.d("------------", characteristic.getValue().length+" ");
result.setText("获得字节长度:"+characteristic.getValue().length);
}
};
// 如果setCharacteristicNotification()不能触发onCharacteristicChanged()方法时,调用此方法
public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean enabled) {
if (bta == null || btg == null) {
Log.w("------------", "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
btg.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
List<BluetoothGattDescriptor> descriptors = characteristic.getDescriptors();
for (BluetoothGattDescriptor dp : descriptors) {
dp.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
btg.writeDescriptor(dp);
}
}
// 位置权限动态申请(ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
public void checkBlePermission() {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// 调用系统的方法
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},1);
} else {
Log.i("tag", "已申请位置权限");
}
}
// 位置权限动态申请(ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
switch (requestCode) {
// 此处的1与上文的checkBlePermission()方法中ActivityCompat.requestPermissions的1(requestCode)对应
case 1: {
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Log.i("tag", "同意位置申请");
} else {
Log.i("tag", "拒绝位置申请");
}
return;
}
}
}
}