Spring Bean学习笔记--使用注解的方式实现依赖注入

一、 注解和包扫描

使用注解注入的方式主要是以下的两个注解
@Component从源码可以看出@Component主要用于类上面的注解。

@java.lang.annotation.Target({java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE})
@java.lang.annotation.Retention(java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@java.lang.annotation.Documented
@org.springframework.stereotype.Indexed
public @interface Component {
    java.lang.String value() default "";
}

@Autowire 从源代码的元注解@Tartget中我们可以看到这个注解可以在Constructor、Method、Field上面添加。

package org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation;

@Target({ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Autowired {

    /**
     * Declares whether the annotated dependency is required.
     * <p>Defaults to {@code true}.
     */
    boolean required() default true;

}

classpath-scanning从某一顶级包开始扫描。当扫描到某个类上面的时的注解时，就会提取该类的信息，构建对应的BeanDefinition，然后把BeanDefinition注册到容器当中。
classpath-scanning实现的方式是在配置文件中添加下面的语句,这个配置主要是扫描@Component注解，但是现在也可以用来扫描@Repository、@Service、@Controller注解

<context:component-scan base-package="?"/>//在问号处填写你要扫描的包。

如果我们不想扫描一些包，那么采用下面的方式进行扫描

<context:component-scan base-package="?"/>
    <context:include-filter expression="?"/>
    <context:exclude-filter expression="?"/>
</context:component-scan>

二、 案例

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Student {
    @Autowired
    private int age;
    @Autowired
    private String name;

    public Student(){}

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

配置文档

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt.springbean_day02"/>
</beans>

测试代码

package com.zbt.springbean_day03;

import com.zbt.springbean_day02.Student;
import com.zbt.springbean_day02.StudentDao;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

/**
 * Created by luckyboy on 2018/8/18.
 */
public class StudentTest {
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("contextConfig.xml");
        DefaultListableBeanFactory container = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
        XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(container);
        reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
        StudentDao stuDao = (StudentDao) container.getBean("studentDao");
        Student stu = stuDao.getStudent();
        System.out.println(stu.getName());
    }
}