每个软件项目软件都需要测试人员吗？_manok_新浪博客

Does every software project need testers?
While all projects will benefit from testing, some projects may not require independent test staff to succeed.

Which projects may not need independent test staff? The answer depends on the size and context of the project, the risks, the development methodology, the skill and experience of the developers, and other factors. For instance, if the project is a short-term, small, low risk project, with highly experienced programmers utilizing thorough unit testing or test-first development, then test engineers may not be required for the project to succeed.

In some cases an IT organization may be too small or new to have a testing staff even if the situation calls for it. In these circumstances it may be appropriate to instead use contractors or outsourcing, or adjust the project management and development approach (by switching to more senior developers and agile test-first development, for example). Inexperienced managers sometimes gamble on the success of a project by skipping thorough testing or having programmers do post-development functional testing of their own work, a decidedly high risk gamble.

For non-trivial-size projects or projects with non-trivial risks, a testing staff is usually necessary. As in any business, the use of personnel with specialized skills enhances an organization's ability to be successful in large, complex, or difficult tasks. It allows for both a) deeper and stronger skills and b) the contribution of differing perspectives. For example, programmers typically have the perspective of 'what are the technical issues in making this functionality work?'. A test engineer typically has the perspective of 'what might go wrong with this functionality, and how can we ensure it meets expectations?'. Technical people who can be highly effective in approaching tasks from both of those perspectives are rare, which is why, sooner or later, organizations bring in test specialists.

所有项目都会从测试中获益，一些项目不需要独立的测试也能成功。
哪些项目不需要独立的测试呢？答案是依据项目情况和规模、风险、开发方式、开发人员的技术和经验和一些其它因素。例如，假如项目是一个短期的、
小的、低风险并且是具有丰富经验的开发人员经过单元测试或测试优先的方式开发的，这样的项目可能不需要测试人员参与测试。
在某些情况下，一个IT公司可能是太小了或是刚成立的，也要求有测试人员。这种情况下，可能需要承包项目或者外包，调整项目管理和开发的方式
（雇佣高级开发工程师和采用敏捷中测试优先的开发方法等），有些没有经验的项目经理怀着投机心理忽略测试或让开发人员在编码后的进行功能测试，
这是高风险的赌博。
对于一些大型的项目或高风险的项目，通常需要一个独立的测试团队。在任何商业中，往往采用特殊技术的人员来增强团队完成大的、复杂的或具有难
度的任务。他们具有深厚的技术或具有独到的见解。例如，开发人员通常想“使用什么样的技术完成功能呢？”而一个测试人员通常会有这种想法“这个功能
怎样能出错和怎样确保实现了预期的功能呢？”，而一个团队中很少有这么全面的技术人员具有这两种能力，这就是为什么组织会产生测试专家的原因。