开发和测试需要哪些步骤？

What steps are needed to develop and run software tests?
The following are some of the steps to consider:

需要考虑下面步骤：

• Obtain requirements, functional design, and internal design specifications and other necessary documents

      获得需求、功能设计和详细地设计说明书和其他必要的文档；

• Obtain budget and schedule requirements

      确定预算和进度表；

• Determine project-related personnel and their responsibilities, reporting requirements, required standards and processes (such as release processes, change processes, etc.)

      确定项目相关人员和他们的职责，汇报需求、必要的标准和步骤（例如：发行步  骤、变更过程）

• Determine project context, relative to the existing quality culture of the organization and business, and how it might impact testing scope, aproaches, and methods.

      确定项目计划，公司和业务中已经存在的质量规范，以及可能对测试范围、方法和步骤产生影响的因素；

• Identify application's higher-risk aspects, set priorities, and determine scope and limitations of tests

      识别应用程序中高风险的方面，设置优先级和确定测试范围和局限性； 

• Determine test approaches and methods - unit, integration, functional, system, load, usability tests, etc.

     确定测试方法和步骤－单元测试、继承测试、功能测试、系统测试、压力测试、可用性测试等等；

• Determine test environment requirements (hardware, software, communications, etc.)

      确定测试环境需求（软、硬件、通讯等）；

• Determine testware requirements (record/playback tools, coverage analyzers, test tracking, problem/bug tracking, etc.)

     确定测试工具（记录/回放工具、覆盖率分析、测试跟踪、缺陷/问题跟踪工具等）；

• Determine test input data requirements

     确定测试输入数据需求；

• Identify tasks, those responsible for tasks, and labor requirements

     确定任务，任务相关人员并分工；

• Set schedule estimates, timelines, milestones

      设置评估进度表、时间线和里程碑；

• Determine input equivalence classes, boundary value analyses, error classes

      确定输入等价类、边界值分析和错误分类；

• Prepare test plan document and have needed reviews/approvals

      编写测试计划文档并经过评审/批准； 

• Write test cases

      设计测试用例；

• Have needed reviews/inspections/approvals of test cases

      有必要对测试用例进行评审/审查/批准；

• Prepare test environment and testware, obtain needed user manuals/reference documents/configuration guides/installation guides, set up test tracking processes, set up logging and archiving processes, set up or obtain test input data

     准备测试环境和测试工具，获得必要的用户手册/参考文档/配置向导/安装手册，建立测试跟踪流程、建立日志和存档流程、设计或获得测试输入数据；

• Obtain and install software releases

      获得可安装的发行软件版本；

• Perform tests

      执行测试；

• Evaluate and report results

      评估和报告测试结果；

• Track problems/bugs and fixes

      跟踪问题/bug 和修改过程；

• Retest as needed

      必要的回归测试；

• Maintain and update test plans, test cases, test environment, and testware through life cycle

     在整个软件生命周期中，维护和升级测试计划、测试用例、测试环境和测试工具。