引出问题
在嵌入式应用程序开发过程中,调试一直是个老大难问题 -- 由于环境的限制,当程序发生段错误时不能很好的定位到底是哪里出现了错误,如果在程序发生段错误时能够清晰明了地看到程序的栈帧链,那无疑是雪中送炭。本文就捕捉信号SIGSEGV并在该信号的处理函数中打印出函数栈帧链来帮助我们调试程序。
本文的程序适合ARM和X86平台。
回溯栈帧原理
理解函数栈帧的布局后,那么自然明白回溯栈帧的原理了,这里不多解释了,直接上图(来自网络):
x86函数栈帧结构
ARM函数栈帧结构
代码sigsegv.c
- #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
- #define _GNU_SOURCE
- #endif
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <signal.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <dlfcn.h>
- /* 纯C环境下,不定义宏NO_CPP_DEMANGLE */
- #if !defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(NO_CPP_DEMANGLE)
- #define NO_CPP_DEMANGLE
- #endif
- #ifndef NO_CPP_DEMANGLE
- #include <cxxabi.h>
- #ifdef __cplusplus
- using __cxxabiv1::__cxa_demangle;
- #endif
- #endif
- #ifdef HAS_ULSLIB
- #include <uls/logger.h>
- #define sigsegv_outp(x) sigsegv_outp(, gx)
- #else
- #define sigsegv_outp(x, ...) fprintf(stderr, x"\n", ##__VA_ARGS__)
- #endif
- #if defined(REG_RIP) /* __x86_64__ */
- #define SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64
- #define REGFORMAT "%016lx"
- #elif defined(REG_EIP) /* __i386__ */
- #define SIGSEGV_STACK_X86
- #define REGFORMAT "%08x"
- #else /* arm */
- #define SIGSEGV_STACK_ARM
- #define REGFORMAT "%x"
- #endif
- static void print_reg(ucontext_t *uc)
- {
- int i;
- #if defined SIGSEGV_STACK_X86 || defined SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64
- for (i = 0; i < NGREG; i++) {
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d]: 0x"REGFORMAT, i,
- uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[i]);
- }
- #else
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 0,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r0);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 1,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r1);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 2,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r2);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 3,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r3);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 4,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r4);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 5,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r5);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 6,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r6);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 7,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r7);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 8,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r8);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 9,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r9);
- sigsegv_outp("reg[%02d] = 0x"REGFORMAT, 10,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_r10);
- sigsegv_outp("FP = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_fp);
- sigsegv_outp("IP = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_ip);
- sigsegv_outp("SP = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_sp);
- sigsegv_outp("LR = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_lr);
- sigsegv_outp("PC = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_pc);
- sigsegv_outp("CPSR = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.arm_cpsr);
- sigsegv_outp("Fault Address = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.fault_address);
- sigsegv_outp("Trap no = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.trap_no);
- sigsegv_outp("Err Code = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.error_code);
- sigsegv_outp("Old Mask = 0x"REGFORMAT,
- uc->uc_mcontext.oldmask);
- #endif
- }
- static void print_call_link(ucontext_t *uc)
- {
- int i = 0;
- void **frame_pointer = (void **)NULL;
- void *return_address = NULL;
- Dl_info dl_info = { 0 };
- #if defined SIGSEGV_STACK_X86
- frame_pointer = (void **)uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EBP];
- return_address = (void *)uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP];
- #elif defined SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64
- frame_pointer = (void **)uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RBP];
- return_address = (void *)uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RIP];
- #else
- /* sigcontext_t on ARM:
- unsigned long trap_no;
- unsigned long error_code;
- unsigned long oldmask;
- unsigned long arm_r0;
- ...
- unsigned long arm_r10;
- unsigned long arm_fp;
- unsigned long arm_ip;
- unsigned long arm_sp;
- unsigned long arm_lr;
- unsigned long arm_pc;
- unsigned long arm_cpsr;
- unsigned long fault_address;
- */
- frame_pointer = (void **)uc->uc_mcontext.arm_fp;
- return_address = (void *)uc->uc_mcontext.arm_pc;
- #endif
- sigsegv_outp("\nStack trace:");
- while (frame_pointer && return_address) {
- if (!dladdr(return_address, &dl_info)) break;
- const char *sname = dl_info.dli_sname;
- #ifndef NO_CPP_DEMANGLE
- int status;
- char *tmp = __cxa_demangle(sname, NULL, 0, &status);
- if (status == 0 && tmp) {
- sname = tmp;
- }
- #endif
- /* No: return address <sym-name + offset> (filename) */
- sigsegv_outp("%02d: %p <%s + %lu> (%s)", ++i, return_address, sname,
- (unsigned long)return_address - (unsigned long)dl_info.dli_saddr,
- dl_info.dli_fname);
- #ifndef NO_CPP_DEMANGLE
- if (tmp) free(tmp);
- #endif
- if (dl_info.dli_sname && !strcmp(dl_info.dli_sname, "main")) {
- break;
- }
- #if defined SIGSEGV_STACK_X86 || defined SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64
- return_address = frame_pointer[1];
- frame_pointer = frame_pointer[0];
- #else
- return_address = frame_pointer[-1];
- frame_pointer = frame_pointer[-3];
- #endif
- }
- sigsegv_outp("Stack trace end.");
- }
- static void sigsegv_handler(int signo, siginfo_t *info, void *context)
- {
- if (context) {
- ucontext_t *uc = (ucontext_t *)context;
- sigsegv_outp("Segmentation Fault!");
- sigsegv_outp("info.si_signo = %d", signo);
- sigsegv_outp("info.si_errno = %d", info->si_errno);
- sigsegv_outp("info.si_code = %d (%s)", info->si_code,
- (info->si_code == SEGV_MAPERR) ? "SEGV_MAPERR" : "SEGV_ACCERR");
- sigsegv_outp("info.si_addr = %p\n", info->si_addr);
- print_reg(uc);
- print_call_link(uc);
- }
- _exit(0);
- }
- static void __attribute((constructor)) setup_sigsegv(void)
- {
- struct sigaction sa;
- memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(struct sigaction));
- sa.sa_sigaction = sigsegv_handler;
- sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
- if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL) < 0) {
- perror("sigaction: ");
- }
- }
- #if 0
- void func3(void)
- {
- char *p = (char *)0x12345678;
- *p = 10;
- }
- void func2(void)
- {
- func3();
- }
- void func1(void)
- {
- func2();
- }
- int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
- {
- func1();
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
- #endif
编译时请加上-rdynamic -ldl选项!
代码地址:https://github.com/astrotycoon/sigsegv/blob/master/sigsegv.c
参考链接:
http://blog.csdn.net/arnoldlu/article/details/12776455