redis源码分析[06]-简单动态字符串-sds.c

redis并没有直接使用c语言的字符串类型,而是和申请内存一样,在每个字符串的前面做了标记.下面是结构说明

typedef char *sds;

struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr5 {
    unsigned char flags; /* 前3位表类型,后5位表长度 */
    char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr8 {
    uint8_t len; /* 已用长度 */
    uint8_t alloc; /* 内存长度 */
    unsigned char flags; /* 前3位表类型, 后5位未使用 */
    char buf[];//柔性数组,保存实际数据
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr16 {
    uint16_t len; /* used */
    uint16_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
    unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
    char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr32 {
    uint32_t len; /* used */
    uint32_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
    unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
    char buf[];
};
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr64 {
    uint64_t len; /* used */
    uint64_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
    unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
    char buf[];
};

以下是接口

//计算结构所占用的物理大小
static inline int sdsHdrSize(char type) {
    switch(type&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
        case SDS_TYPE_5:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr5);
        case SDS_TYPE_8:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr8);
        case SDS_TYPE_16:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr16);
        case SDS_TYPE_32:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr32);
        case SDS_TYPE_64:
            return sizeof(struct sdshdr64);
    }
    return 0;
}
//由于每一种类型的结构的大小都是有一个范围的,所以可以根据一个值算出其所对应的结构类型
static inline char sdsReqType(size_t string_size) {
    if (string_size < 1<<5)
        return SDS_TYPE_5;
    if (string_size < 1<<8)
        return SDS_TYPE_8;
    if (string_size < 1<<16)
        return SDS_TYPE_16;
    if (string_size < 1ll<<32)
        return SDS_TYPE_32;
    return SDS_TYPE_64;
}

/* 创建一个新的动态字符串,初始长度是initlen */
sds sdsnewlen(const void *init, size_t initlen) {
    void *sh;
    sds s;
    char type = sdsReqType(initlen);//先根据长度确定要创建的类型
    /* 空字符串或者小字符串也统一用类型8,类型5从来不用 */
    if (type == SDS_TYPE_5 && initlen == 0) type = SDS_TYPE_8;
    int hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);//算出结构的物理大小
    unsigned char *fp; /* flags pointer. */

    sh = s_malloc(hdrlen+initlen+1);//申请内存
    if (!init)//如果没有初始字符串,则将内存置为0
        memset(sh, 0, hdrlen+initlen+1);
    if (sh == NULL) return NULL;
    s = (char*)sh+hdrlen;//预留出结构的物理大小
    fp = ((unsigned char*)s)-1;//找到flags的指针,柔性数组不占内存
    switch(type) {
        case SDS_TYPE_5: {//这个类型的flags同时存储类型和长度
            *fp = type | (initlen << SDS_TYPE_BITS);
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_8: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(8,s);//创建一个类型8的结构体sh指针,
            sh->len = initlen;//赋初始长度,已用长度
            sh->alloc = initlen;//实际内存长度
            *fp = type;//类型
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_16: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(16,s);
            sh->len = initlen;
            sh->alloc = initlen;
            *fp = type;
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_32: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(32,s);
            sh->len = initlen;
            sh->alloc = initlen;
            *fp = type;
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_64: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(64,s);
            sh->len = initlen;
            sh->alloc = initlen;
            *fp = type;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (initlen && init)
        memcpy(s, init, initlen);//内存复制
    s[initlen] = '\0';//最后一个字节置0,防止溢出
    return s;//返回字符串的首地址指针 
}

/* 创建一个空字符串*/
sds sdsempty(void) {
    return sdsnewlen("",0);
}

/* 创建一个有初始值的sds */
sds sdsnew(const char *init) {
    size_t initlen = (init == NULL) ? 0 : strlen(init);
    return sdsnewlen(init, initlen);
}

/*  复制一个sds*/
sds sdsdup(const sds s) {
    return sdsnewlen(s, sdslen(s));
}

/* 回收一个sds */
void sdsfree(sds s) {
    if (s == NULL) return;
    s_free((char*)s-sdsHdrSize(s[-1]));
}

/* 更新sds的已用长度 */
void sdsupdatelen(sds s) {
    int reallen = strlen(s);
    sdssetlen(s, reallen);
}

/* 清空sds,已用长度置0 */
void sdsclear(sds s) {
    sdssetlen(s, 0);
    s[0] = '\0';
}

/* 保证sds有addlen的未使用长度,以便后续操作 */
sds sdsMakeRoomFor(sds s, size_t addlen) {
    void *sh, *newsh;
    size_t avail = sdsavail(s);//未使用长度
    size_t len, newlen;
    char type, oldtype = s[-1] & SDS_TYPE_MASK;
    int hdrlen;

    /* 如果未使用长度足够,则返回sds指针 */
    if (avail >= addlen) return s;

    len = sdslen(s);//已用长度
    sh = (char*)s-sdsHdrSize(oldtype);//本sds实际内存首地址
    newlen = (len+addlen);//新的满足需要的sds的长度 
    if (newlen < SDS_MAX_PREALLOC)
        newlen *= 2;
    else
        newlen += SDS_MAX_PREALLOC;

    type = sdsReqType(newlen);//计算新的sds的类型

    /* 不使用type5 */
    if (type == SDS_TYPE_5) type = SDS_TYPE_8;

    hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);//结构所占内存
    if (oldtype==type) {//如果新旧类型一致,则重新更新内存即可
        newsh = s_realloc(sh, hdrlen+newlen+1);
        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;//向后推进内存地址
    } else {
        /* 新旧类型不一致,则重新申请内存 */
        newsh = s_malloc(hdrlen+newlen+1);
        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
        memcpy((char*)newsh+hdrlen, s, len+1);//复制内存数据
        s_free(sh);//释放旧内存
        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;
        s[-1] = type;//设置类型
        sdssetlen(s, len);//设置已用长度
    }
    sdssetalloc(s, newlen);//设置总长度
    return s;//返回sds数据首地址
}

/* 对sds中多余的空间进行释放 */
sds sdsRemoveFreeSpace(sds s) {
    void *sh, *newsh;
    char type, oldtype = s[-1] & SDS_TYPE_MASK;
    int hdrlen;
    size_t len = sdslen(s);//计算sds的已用长度
    sh = (char*)s-sdsHdrSize(oldtype);//找到sds内存首地址

    type = sdsReqType(len);//旧类型
    hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);//旧的类型结构的物理大小
    if (oldtype==type) {//如果新旧类型一致,则更新内存大小
        newsh = s_realloc(sh, hdrlen+len+1);
        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;//返回数据首地址指针
    } else {//如果新旧类型不一样,则重新申请内存
        newsh = s_malloc(hdrlen+len+1);
        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
        memcpy((char*)newsh+hdrlen, s, len+1);
        s_free(sh);//释放旧地址
        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;//返回数据首地址指针
        s[-1] = type;//设置类型,
        sdssetlen(s, len);
    }
    sdssetalloc(s, len);
    return s;
}

/* 返回sds占用的实际内存大小 */
size_t sdsAllocSize(sds s) {
    size_t alloc = sdsalloc(s);
    return sdsHdrSize(s[-1])+alloc+1;
}

/* 返回sds占用内存的首地址指针 */
void *sdsAllocPtr(sds s) {
    return (void*) (s-sdsHdrSize(s[-1]));
}

/* 给sds增加长度incr */
void sdsIncrLen(sds s, int incr) {
    unsigned char flags = s[-1];
    size_t len;
    switch(flags&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
        case SDS_TYPE_5: {
            unsigned char *fp = ((unsigned char*)s)-1;
            unsigned char oldlen = SDS_TYPE_5_LEN(flags);
            assert((incr > 0 && oldlen+incr < 32) || (incr < 0 && oldlen >= (unsigned int)(-incr)));
            *fp = SDS_TYPE_5 | ((oldlen+incr) << SDS_TYPE_BITS);
            len = oldlen+incr;
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_8: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(8,s);
            assert((incr >= 0 && sh->alloc-sh->len >= incr) || (incr < 0 && sh->len >= (unsigned int)(-incr)));
            len = (sh->len += incr);
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_16: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(16,s);
            assert((incr >= 0 && sh->alloc-sh->len >= incr) || (incr < 0 && sh->len >= (unsigned int)(-incr)));
            len = (sh->len += incr);
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_32: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(32,s);
            assert((incr >= 0 && sh->alloc-sh->len >= (unsigned int)incr) || (incr < 0 && sh->len >= (unsigned int)(-incr)));
            len = (sh->len += incr);
            break;
        }
        case SDS_TYPE_64: {
            SDS_HDR_VAR(64,s);
            assert((incr >= 0 && sh->alloc-sh->len >= (uint64_t)incr) || (incr < 0 && sh->len >= (uint64_t)(-incr)));
            len = (sh->len += incr);
            break;
        }
        default: len = 0; /* Just to avoid compilation warnings. */
    }
    s[len] = '\0';
}

/* 将sds的已用长度增加到len */
sds sdsgrowzero(sds s, size_t len) {
    size_t curlen = sdslen(s);

    if (len <= curlen) return s;
    s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,len-curlen);
    if (s == NULL) return NULL;

    /* Make sure added region doesn't contain garbage */
    memset(s+curlen,0,(len-curlen+1)); /* also set trailing \0 byte */
    sdssetlen(s, len);
    return s;
}

/* 给sds追加一段长度为len的字符串t */
sds sdscatlen(sds s, const void *t, size_t len) {
    size_t curlen = sdslen(s);

    s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,len);
    if (s == NULL) return NULL;
    memcpy(s+curlen, t, len);
    sdssetlen(s, curlen+len);
    s[curlen+len] = '\0';
    return s;
}

/* 给sds追加一段字符串t */
sds sdscat(sds s, const char *t) {
    return sdscatlen(s, t, strlen(t));
}

/* 给sds追加另一个sds*/
sds sdscatsds(sds s, const sds t) {
    return sdscatlen(s, t, sdslen(t));
}

/* 将长度len的字符串t复制到sds上,sds是一个空sds */
sds sdscpylen(sds s, const char *t, size_t len) {
    if (sdsalloc(s) < len) {
        s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,len-sdslen(s));
        if (s == NULL) return NULL;
    }
    memcpy(s, t, len);
    s[len] = '\0';
    sdssetlen(s, len);
    return s;
}

/* 将字符串t复制到sds上,sds是一个空sds */
sds sdscpy(sds s, const char *t) {
    return sdscpylen(s, t, strlen(t));
}

/* 把一个长整型以字符串方式写入s,返回长度 */
#define SDS_LLSTR_SIZE 21
int sdsll2str(char *s, long long value) {
    char *p, aux;
    unsigned long long v;
    size_t l;

    /* 先以个十千百万...正/负写入字符串 */
    v = (value < 0) ? -value : value;
    p = s;
    do {
        *p++ = '0'+(v%10);
        v /= 10;
    } while(v);
    if (value < 0) *p++ = '-';

    /* 计算写入长度 */
    l = p-s;
    *p = '\0';

    /* 反转字符串 */
    p--;
    while(s < p) {
        aux = *s;
        *s = *p;
        *p = aux;
        s++;
        p--;
    }
    return l;//返回写入长度
}

/* 与上一方法类似 */
int sdsull2str(char *s, unsigned long long v) {
    char *p, aux;
    size_t l;

    /* Generate the string representation, this method produces
     * an reversed string. */
    p = s;
    do {
        *p++ = '0'+(v%10);
        v /= 10;
    } while(v);

    /* Compute length and add null term. */
    l = p-s;
    *p = '\0';

    /* Reverse the string. */
    p--;
    while(s < p) {
        aux = *s;
        *s = *p;
        *p = aux;
        s++;
        p--;
    }
    return l;
}

/* 把一个长整型赋值给一个sds,并返回新的sds的指针 */
sds sdsfromlonglong(long long value) {
    char buf[SDS_LLSTR_SIZE];
    int len = sdsll2str(buf,value);

    return sdsnewlen(buf,len);
}

/* 申请足够的内存用来创建格式化字符串,然后追加在s上,并返回s */
sds sdscatvprintf(sds s, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
    va_list cpy;
    char staticbuf[1024], *buf = staticbuf, *t;
    size_t buflen = strlen(fmt)*2;

    /* We try to start using a static buffer for speed.
     * If not possible we revert to heap allocation. */
    if (buflen > sizeof(staticbuf)) {
        buf = s_malloc(buflen);
        if (buf == NULL) return NULL;
    } else {
        buflen = sizeof(staticbuf);
    }

    /* Try with buffers two times bigger every time we fail to
     * fit the string in the current buffer size. */
    while(1) {
        buf[buflen-2] = '\0';
        va_copy(cpy,ap);
        vsnprintf(buf, buflen, fmt, cpy);
        va_end(cpy);
        if (buf[buflen-2] != '\0') {
            if (buf != staticbuf) s_free(buf);
            buflen *= 2;
            buf = s_malloc(buflen);
            if (buf == NULL) return NULL;
            continue;
        }
        break;
    }

    /* 由于sdscat可能会导致重新分配内存,所以不可以直接返回s而是返回一个新指针 */
    t = sdscat(s, buf);
    if (buf != staticbuf) s_free(buf);
    return t;
}

/* 将格式化字符串追加在s上并返回*/
sds sdscatprintf(sds s, const char *fmt, ...) {
    va_list ap;
    char *t;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    t = sdscatvprintf(s,fmt,ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return t;
}

/* 将格式化字符串追加在s上 */
sds sdscatfmt(sds s, char const *fmt, ...) {
    size_t initlen = sdslen(s);
    const char *f = fmt;
    int i;
    va_list ap;

    va_start(ap,fmt);
    f = fmt;    /* Next format specifier byte to process. */
    i = initlen; /* Position of the next byte to write to dest str. */
    while(*f) {
        char next, *str;
        size_t l;
        long long num;
        unsigned long long unum;

        /* 保证永远有一个字符的空闲位置 */
        if (sdsavail(s)==0) {
            s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,1);
        }

        switch(*f) {
        case '%':
            next = *(f+1);
            f++;
            switch(next) {
            case 's':
            case 'S':
                str = va_arg(ap,char*);
                l = (next == 's') ? strlen(str) : sdslen(str);
                if (sdsavail(s) < l) {
                    s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,l);
                }
                memcpy(s+i,str,l);
                sdsinclen(s,l);
                i += l;
                break;
            case 'i':
            case 'I':
                if (next == 'i')
                    num = va_arg(ap,int);
                else
                    num = va_arg(ap,long long);
                {
                    char buf[SDS_LLSTR_SIZE];
                    l = sdsll2str(buf,num);
                    if (sdsavail(s) < l) {
                        s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,l);
                    }
                    memcpy(s+i,buf,l);
                    sdsinclen(s,l);
                    i += l;
                }
                break;
            case 'u':
            case 'U':
                if (next == 'u')
                    unum = va_arg(ap,unsigned int);
                else
                    unum = va_arg(ap,unsigned long long);
                {
                    char buf[SDS_LLSTR_SIZE];
                    l = sdsull2str(buf,unum);
                    if (sdsavail(s) < l) {
                        s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,l);
                    }
                    memcpy(s+i,buf,l);
                    sdsinclen(s,l);
                    i += l;
                }
                break;
            default: /* Handle %% and generally %<unknown>. */
                s[i++] = next;
                sdsinclen(s,1);
                break;
            }
            break;
        default:
            s[i++] = *f;
            sdsinclen(s,1);
            break;
        }
        f++;
    }
    va_end(ap);

    /* Add null-term */
    s[i] = '\0';
    return s;
}

/* 把sds左右两边的包含在集合cset中的字符全删掉 */
sds sdstrim(sds s, const char *cset) {
    char *start, *end, *sp, *ep;
    size_t len;

    sp = start = s;
    ep = end = s+sdslen(s)-1;
    while(sp <= end && strchr(cset, *sp)) sp++;
    while(ep > sp && strchr(cset, *ep)) ep--;
    len = (sp > ep) ? 0 : ((ep-sp)+1);
    if (s != sp) memmove(s, sp, len);
    s[len] = '\0';
    sdssetlen(s,len);
    return s;
}

/* 切割字符串 */
void sdsrange(sds s, int start, int end) {
    size_t newlen, len = sdslen(s);

    if (len == 0) return;
    if (start < 0) {
        start = len+start;
        if (start < 0) start = 0;
    }
    if (end < 0) {
        end = len+end;
        if (end < 0) end = 0;
    }
    newlen = (start > end) ? 0 : (end-start)+1;
    if (newlen != 0) {
        if (start >= (signed)len) {
            newlen = 0;
        } else if (end >= (signed)len) {
            end = len-1;
            newlen = (start > end) ? 0 : (end-start)+1;
        }
    } else {
        start = 0;
    }
    if (start && newlen) memmove(s, s+start, newlen);
    s[newlen] = 0;
    sdssetlen(s,newlen);
}

/* 把s变成小写 */
void sdstolower(sds s) {
    int len = sdslen(s), j;

    for (j = 0; j < len; j++) s[j] = tolower(s[j]);
}

/* 把s变成大写 */
void sdstoupper(sds s) {
    int len = sdslen(s), j;

    for (j = 0; j < len; j++) s[j] = toupper(s[j]);
}

/* 比较字符串,先比较小字符串,后比较长度,返回差 */
int sdscmp(const sds s1, const sds s2) {
    size_t l1, l2, minlen;
    int cmp;

    l1 = sdslen(s1);
    l2 = sdslen(s2);
    minlen = (l1 < l2) ? l1 : l2;
    cmp = memcmp(s1,s2,minlen);
    if (cmp == 0) return l1-l2;
    return cmp;
}

/* 把一个字符串s用sep来做切割 */
sds *sdssplitlen(const char *s, int len, const char *sep, int seplen, int *count) {
    int elements = 0, slots = 5, start = 0, j;
    sds *tokens;

    if (seplen < 1 || len < 0) return NULL;//原始字符串为空或切割字符串为空,则返回空

    tokens = s_malloc(sizeof(sds)*slots);//创建默认数组
    if (tokens == NULL) return NULL;

    if (len == 0) {//原始字符串为空
        *count = 0;
        return tokens;
    }
    for (j = 0; j < (len-(seplen-1)); j++) {
        /* 给tokens扩容 */
        if (slots < elements+2) {
            sds *newtokens;

            slots *= 2;
            newtokens = s_realloc(tokens,sizeof(sds)*slots);
            if (newtokens == NULL) goto cleanup;
            tokens = newtokens;
        }
        /* search the separator */
        if ((seplen == 1 && *(s+j) == sep[0]) || (memcmp(s+j,sep,seplen) == 0)) {
            tokens[elements] = sdsnewlen(s+start,j-start);//新元素赋值
            if (tokens[elements] == NULL) goto cleanup;
            elements++;
            start = j+seplen;
            j = j+seplen-1; /* skip the separator */
        }
    }
    /* 最后一段字符串赋值给最后一个元素 */
    tokens[elements] = sdsnewlen(s+start,len-start);
    if (tokens[elements] == NULL) goto cleanup;
    elements++;
    *count = elements;
    return tokens;

cleanup://回收所有内存
    {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < elements; i++) sdsfree(tokens[i]);
        s_free(tokens);
        *count = 0;
        return NULL;
    }
}

/* 回收sdssplitlen生成的数组 */
void sdsfreesplitres(sds *tokens, int count) {
    if (!tokens) return;
    while(count--)
        sdsfree(tokens[count]);
    s_free(tokens);
}

/* 对字符串p中的特殊字符进行替换,并追加在s上 */
sds sdscatrepr(sds s, const char *p, size_t len) {
    s = sdscatlen(s,"\"",1);
    while(len--) {
        switch(*p) {
        case '\\':
        case '"':
            s = sdscatprintf(s,"\\%c",*p);
            break;
        case '\n': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\n",2); break;
        case '\r': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\r",2); break;
        case '\t': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\t",2); break;
        case '\a': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\a",2); break;
        case '\b': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\b",2); break;
        default:
            if (isprint(*p))
                s = sdscatprintf(s,"%c",*p);
            else
                s = sdscatprintf(s,"\\x%02x",(unsigned char)*p);
            break;
        }
        p++;
    }
    return sdscatlen(s,"\"",1);
}

/* 是否是16进制数字 */
int is_hex_digit(char c) {
    return (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') ||
           (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F');
}

/* 把16进制数字转换成10进制 */
int hex_digit_to_int(char c) {
    switch(c) {
    case '0': return 0;
    case '1': return 1;
    case '2': return 2;
    case '3': return 3;
    case '4': return 4;
    case '5': return 5;
    case '6': return 6;
    case '7': return 7;
    case '8': return 8;
    case '9': return 9;
    case 'a': case 'A': return 10;
    case 'b': case 'B': return 11;
    case 'c': case 'C': return 12;
    case 'd': case 'D': return 13;
    case 'e': case 'E': return 14;
    case 'f': case 'F': return 15;
    default: return 0;
    }
}

/* 对一行文字进行切割,argc表示切割出的元素的个数 */
sds *sdssplitargs(const char *line, int *argc) {
    const char *p = line;
    char *current = NULL;
    char **vector = NULL;

    *argc = 0;
    while(1) {
        /* 跑过空白字符 */
        while(*p && isspace(*p)) p++;
        if (*p) {
            /* get a token */
            int inq=0;  /* 是否在双引号内 */
            int insq=0; /* 是否在单引号内 */
            int done=0;//是否一个元素查找完成

            if (current == NULL) current = sdsempty();//创建一个sds准备接收一个元素
            while(!done) {
                if (inq) {
                    if (*p == '\\' && *(p+1) == 'x' &&
                                             is_hex_digit(*(p+2)) &&
                                             is_hex_digit(*(p+3)))
                    {//是否是16进制表示的一个字符
                        unsigned char byte;

                        byte = (hex_digit_to_int(*(p+2))*16)+
                                hex_digit_to_int(*(p+3));
                        current = sdscatlen(current,(char*)&byte,1);
                        p += 3;
                    } else if (*p == '\\' && *(p+1)) {//是否是一个特殊字符
                        char c;

                        p++;
                        switch(*p) {
                        case 'n': c = '\n'; break;
                        case 'r': c = '\r'; break;
                        case 't': c = '\t'; break;
                        case 'b': c = '\b'; break;
                        case 'a': c = '\a'; break;
                        default: c = *p; break;
                        }
                        current = sdscatlen(current,&c,1);
                    } else if (*p == '"') {//
                        /* 双引号结束后需要有空白字符 */
                        if (*(p+1) && !isspace(*(p+1))) goto err;
                        done=1;
                    } else if (!*p) {//双引号需要闭合
                        /* unterminated quotes */
                        goto err;
                    } else {
                        current = sdscatlen(current,p,1);
                    }
                } else if (insq) {
                    if (*p == '\\' && *(p+1) == '\'') {
                        p++;
                        current = sdscatlen(current,"'",1);
                    } else if (*p == '\'') {
                        /* closing quote must be followed by a space or
                         * nothing at all. */
                        if (*(p+1) && !isspace(*(p+1))) goto err;
                        done=1;
                    } else if (!*p) {
                        /* unterminated quotes */
                        goto err;
                    } else {
                        current = sdscatlen(current,p,1);
                    }
                } else {
                    switch(*p) {
                    case ' ':
                    case '\n':
                    case '\r':
                    case '\t':
                    case '\0':
                        done=1;//遇见空白字符则表示一个元素查找完成
                        break;
                    case '"':
                        inq=1;
                        break;
                    case '\'':
                        insq=1;
                        break;
                    default:
                        current = sdscatlen(current,p,1);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (*p) p++;
            }
            /* add the token to the vector */
            vector = s_realloc(vector,((*argc)+1)*sizeof(char*));//给数组扩容
            vector[*argc] = current;//赋值
            (*argc)++;
            current = NULL;
        } else {
            /* 空行则随便返回一个内存地址 */
            if (vector == NULL) vector = s_malloc(sizeof(void*));
            return vector;
        }
    }

err://异常后则回收所有内存
    while((*argc)--)
        sdsfree(vector[*argc]);
    s_free(vector);
    if (current) sdsfree(current);
    *argc = 0;
    return NULL;
}

/* 把s中的字符,根据1对1的方式把包含在from结合中的字符替换成to中的字符 */
sds sdsmapchars(sds s, const char *from, const char *to, size_t setlen) {
    size_t j, i, l = sdslen(s);

    for (j = 0; j < l; j++) {
        for (i = 0; i < setlen; i++) {
            if (s[j] == from[i]) {
                s[j] = to[i];
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return s;
}

/* 把一个sds数组,用字符串sep拼接成一个大的sds并返回 */
sds sdsjoin(char **argv, int argc, char *sep) {
    sds join = sdsempty();
    int j;

    for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
        join = sdscat(join, argv[j]);
        if (j != argc-1) join = sdscat(join,sep);
    }
    return join;
}

/* 把一个sds数组,用字符串sep拼接成一个大的sds并返回 */
sds sdsjoinsds(sds *argv, int argc, const char *sep, size_t seplen) {
    sds join = sdsempty();
    int j;

    for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
        join = sdscatsds(join, argv[j]);
        if (j != argc-1) join = sdscatlen(join,sep,seplen);
    }
    return join;
}

/* 内存操作方法 */
void *sds_malloc(size_t size) { return s_malloc(size); }
void *sds_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size) { return s_realloc(ptr,size); }
void sds_free(void *ptr) { s_free(ptr); }