工作流中XML的解析

 

Digester 学习日记

Digester是apache的一个开源项目，他可以根据解析的XML生成对应的对象，可以很方便的从工作流的定义中生成JAVA实列。

举列我们有个定义工作流的XML

< workflow >

    < activites >

       < start name = "start" id = "0001" nextid = "0002,0003" >

       </ start >

       < task name = "test1" id = "0002" nextid = "0004" >

       </ task >

       < task name = "test2" id = "0003" nextid = "0004" >

       </ task >

       < join name = "join" id = "0004" nextid = "0005" >

       </ join >

       < end name = "end" id = "0005" >

       </ end >

    </ activites >

</ workflow >

 

从这个 XML 中我们可以很容易的看出各接点之间的关系（这个是一个工作流定义）。

现在 digester 可以根据我们定义的 XML 生成 JAVA 是实列。首先要定义一个 digester 解释规则的 xml.

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<digester-rules>

    <pattern value="workflow">

       <object-create-rule

           classname="com.maomao.workflow.model.WorkFlow"/>

       <!--set-properties-rule /-->

       <set-next-rule methodname="setWorkFlow" />

      

       <pattern value="activites/start">

           <object-create-rule

              classname="com.maomao.workflow.model.Start"/>

           <set-properties-rule />

           <set-next-rule methodname="addActivity" />

       </pattern>

      

      

       <pattern value="activites/task">

           <object-create-rule

              classname="com.maomao.workflow.model.Task"/>

           <set-properties-rule />

           <set-next-rule methodname="addActivity" />

       </pattern>

      

       <pattern value="activites/join">

           <object-create-rule

              classname="com.maomao.workflow.model.Join"/>

           <set-properties-rule />

           <set-next-rule methodname="addActivity" />

       </pattern>

      

       <pattern value="activites/end">

           <object-create-rule

              classname="com.maomao.workflow.model.End"/>

           <set-properties-rule />

           <set-next-rule methodname="addActivity" />

       </pattern>

      

    </pattern>

</digester-rules>

 

Digester解析原XML会按照这个定义规则解释。这个规则有几个地方需要说下

<object-create-rule > 这个标签是创建一个 java 实列

<set-properties-rule /> 会根据解析文件的属性调用生成类的 setXXX 方法，列如要解析的 XML 中有 name,id,nextid, 那么生成的类里如果有这些属性将会被调用他们的 set 方法。

<set-next-rule methodname="addActivity" /> 栈顶元素的下面一个元素（对象）的方法。

注意： digester 解析 XML 和他们大部分解析技术都一样，都用堆栈。当 digester 遇到一个 < 他会把这个元素压入堆栈，遇到 /> 就会把元素弹出堆栈。

所以上面的 xml 解析完以后就等于

    WorkFlow flow = new WorkFlow();

flow.addActivity(start);

    flow.addActivity(task1);

    flow.addActivity(task2);

    flow.addActivity(join);

    flow.addActivity(end);

 

然后调用 digester 解析即可 :

    java.net.URL rulesURL = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("com/maomao/workflow/parser/rules.xml");

         Digester d = DigesterLoader.createDigester(rulesURL);

         d.push(this);   

         d.parse(new StringReader(xml));

        buildRelation();

以上代码和本人的工程有点关系，看不明白属于正常。嘿嘿

 

Log4j 学习日记

如何配置 Log4j

1. 用BasicConfigurator 对Log4j 进行配置，入门级的配置方式：

import org.apache.log4j.BasicConfigurator;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
......
public class Log4jTest {
  private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Log4jTest.class.getName());
......
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    BasicConfigurator.configure();
    logger.info("log4j has been configurated with BasicConfigurator.configuration successfully!");
  }
}

运行后可以得到类似于下面的结果：

0 [main] INFO Log4jTest - log4j has been configed with BasicConfigurator.configure() successfully!

 

2. 用配置文件对Log4j 进行配置，非常灵活的一种方式：

# For the general syntax of property based configuration files see the
# documenation of org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator.
# The root category uses the appender called A1. Since no priority is
# specified, the root category assumes the default priority for root
# which is DEBUG in log4j. The root category is the only category that
# has a default priority. All other categories need not be assigned a
# priority in which case they inherit their priority from the
# hierarchy.

log4j.rootCategory=INFO, A1, A2

# A1 is set to be a FileAppender which outputs to the file
# "factor.log". Start the server NumberCruncherServer and two
# NumberCruncherClients, and ask to factor two numbers
# near-simultaneously. Notice that the log output from these two
# requests are logged in the file factor.log. Nevertheless, the logs
# of these requests can still be distinguished given their distinct
# nested diagnostic contexts.

log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A1.File=WEB-INF/logs/portal.log
log4j.appender.A1.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

log4j.appender.A2=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

# Note the %x conversion specifier for NDC printing.
# %d date time
# %-5p debug level
# %m messages
# %l class with method and line number (slowly! dubug only, on release use %c{2} in release version)
# %n /n or /r/n

#debug version
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%-5p] %l - %m%n
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%-5p] %l - %m%n

#release version
# log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%-5p] %c{2} - %m%n

有了上面的配置文件后，可以通过以下任意一种方式对其进行装载：

2. • 让Log4j自动装载配置文件
     将上面的文件命名为log4j.properties，并保存到WEB-INF/classes/ 目录下，这样当第一次调用Logger.getLogger(SomeClass.class.getName()); 时，Log4j 就会自动装载该配置文件对log 系统进行初始化。
   • 用系统变量指定配置文件的位置
     如果不想把配置文件放到WEB-INF/clases/ 目录下，或者不想把配置文件命名为log4j.properties 那么就可以通过系统变量log4j.configuration来对其进行自定义，例如：
     -Dlog4j.configuration=file:/D:/projects/someproject/WEB-INF/log4j.properties
     用指定位置的文件进行配置
     -Dlog4j.configuration=foo.txt
     用WEB-INF/classes/目录下的foo.txt 进行配置
   • 用PropertyConfigurator 读取配置文件

import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
......
public class Log4jTestServlet {
  private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Log4jTestServlet.class.getName());
......
  public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
    super.init(servletConfig);
    String file = getRealPath(getInitParameter("log4j-init-file"));
    PropertyConfigurator.configure(file);
    /*
     *PropertyConfigurator.configure(Properties);
     *PropertyConfigurator.configure(URL);
     *PropertyConfigurator.configureAndWatch(file, 30); //delay 30 second
     */
    logger.info("log4j has been configurated with PropertyConfigurator.configuration successfully!");
  }
}

参考文档

Log4j short mannul
http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/manual.html

 

学习总结

今天主要学习怎么从xml解析数据对象。用到了digester，这个工具解析工作流中的流程定义非常方便，值得一学。今天对Log4j有了更一步的了解。