Android四大组件之Service

Class Overview

1.Service是Android的四大应用组件之一，主要用于实现一些不需要与用户交互的操作，如较长时间执行某一任务。Service提供的功能可以被其它应用使用，具体可以通过设置android:exported=false(true)属性来控制其是否能被其它应用使用。

每个Service必须在AndroidManifest.xml中申明，在应用中可通过Context.startService()和Context.bindService()来启动。
startService(Intent service); //发送Intent过去，启动service
bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags); //注意serviceConnection,会返回IBinder对象，该对象是services的onBind()方法返回的，使得client能够回调services中的方法。
该方法启动service不会调用onStartCommand()。

2. Service和其它应用程序对象一样，运行于主线程，也就是说如果要执行耗时操作，必须开启一个线程来做。IntentService是Service的一个标准实现，它包含一个线程，负责执行任务，任务执行完后会自动stop。

从Service的特性可以得出，Service不是一个独立的进程，也不是一个线程。它运行于主线程，如果要执行耗时操作必须创建一个线程来做。

3. 重写Service类必须实现onBinder()方法。

4. Service有2中执行模式，通过onStartCommand()返回值设定（START_STICKY, START_NOT_STICKY/START_REDELIVER_INTENT）

5. Context.bindService()启动Service使client和Service处于连接状态（client端保持service端的IBinder引用）,当连接断开service才会停止。

6. android:process=”XXXX”，service运行的进程名，一般应用程序运行于创建它的进程，进程名即为应用包名。如果设置service进程名的该属性以”:”开头，则表示service将运行在一个新的进程，如果进程名为小写，则该进程为全局进程，在其它应用程序中的组件也可以共享该进程，减少资源使用。

7. 可以通过startForeground(int, Notification)将service设为前台状态。

Example:

 1. 本地Service实现MyLocalService.java

<span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;">public class MyLocalService extends Service{

	private static final String TAG = "MyLocalService";

	private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();
	
	public void onCreate(){
		Log.d(TAG,"onCreate");
	}
	
	/**
	 * return modes of operation services run in
	 * START_STICKY services are explicitly start and stop
	 * START_NOT_STICKY,START_REDELIVER_INTENT services will keep running while processing any commands
	 */
	public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId){
		return START_STICKY;
	}
	
    public void onDestory(){
    	
    }
    
    public  IBinder onBind(Intent intent){
    	return mBinder;
    }
    
    /**
     * Class for client to access. Owing to this service always 
     * running in the same process as its clients. We don't need to 
     * deal with IPC
     */
    public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
    	MyLocalService getService(){
    		return MyLocalService.this;
    	}
    }
     
}</span>

Client调用bindService()与service建立连接。

<span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;">public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

	private MyLocalService mLocalService;
	private boolean isBound = false;
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		doBindService();
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void onDestroy(){
		super.onDestroy();
		doUnBindService();
	}

	private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection(){
		/*
		 * This is called when the connection with service has been
		 * established, giving us the service object we can to interact with 
		 * the service. Because we have bound to a explicit service that is running 
		 * in our process, we can cast its IBinder to an concrete class and
		 * directly access it.
		 */
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service){
			mLocalService = ((MyLocalService.LocalBinder)service).getService();
		}

		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			mLocalService = null;
		}
	};
	
	/*
	 * establish a connection with the service
	 */
	public void doBindService(){
		bindService(new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyLocalService.class),mConnection,Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
		isBound = true;
	}
	
	public void doUnBindService(){
		if(isBound){
			unbindService(mConnection);
			isBound = false;
		}
	}
}</span>

根据上面的代码，可以看到Client通过调用bindService()来绑定service，该API接口的ServiceConnection会在ServiceConnection对象创建时确定。在绑定service后Client端会得到IBinder对象，该对象就是Service的onBind()返回的Binder对象。通过这个IBinder对象我们可以远程调用service。

2. Remote Service实现MyRemoteService.java

<span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;">public class MyRemoteService extends Service {

	private static final String TAG = "MyRemoteService";
	
	public void onCreate(){
		Log.d(TAG,"onCreate");
	}
	
	public void onDestory(){
		Log.d(TAG,"onDestory");
	}
	
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return serviceBinder;
	}
	
	IMyAIDLTest.Stub serviceBinder = new IMyAIDLTest.Stub() {
		
		@Override
		public int sayHello() throws RemoteException {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			return 0;
		}
	};

}</span>

从上面的代码可以看到，onBinder()返回的是AIDL中定义的接口的stub对象，该stub对象是继承了IBinder