Android开发使用服务实现报警管理器和广播接收器

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-19 08:32:05 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-08-19 08:32:05 发布

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分类专栏： Android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/maping2018/article/details/85109788

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介绍

几乎在所有平台上都有很多进程运行背景，它们被称为服务。可能在Android平台中有一些服务可以执行长时间运行的操作，这些操作在处理时不需要用户交互。

在本文中，借助预定义的Android警报服务，我们将创建一个应用程序，在所需的时间间隔内将电话模式更改为振动模式。除此之外，我们将编写自己的Service类并在特定时间调用它。此外，此演示应用程序将回答以下问题：

如何使用Alarm Manager？
如何通过Alarm Manager启动Intent？
如何使用BroadcastReceiver？
如何使用服务？
如何在AndroidManifest.xml中注册服务和接收器？
如何更改手机铃声模式？

背景

要理解本文，读者应该了解Java和Android源码平台。

使用代码

在开始编码之前，应用程序的结构应该在编码器的脑海中清楚。对于此演示应用程序，我们可以按照以下简单步骤操作：

获取用户的时间间隔 MainActivity
根据时间间隔，设置闹钟以广播它
写入BroadcastReceivers以接收警报并执行操作或呼叫服务。

在这个演示中，有4个类：

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000">MainActivity             <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em> main calss</em></span>

FromHourAlarmReceiver    <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em>BroadcastReceiver</em></span>

ToHourAlarmReceiver      <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em>BroadcastReceiver</em></span>

MyService                <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em>Service Class</em></span></span>

1-在MainActivity中获取用户的时间间隔

a）MainActivity.class

隐藏收缩复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">class</span> MainActivity extends Activity {

 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> EditText editText1;    <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em>create the objects</em></span>
 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> EditText editText2;
 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> Button btn1;
 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> hourFrom;
 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> hourTo;
             
       @Override
       <span style="color:#0000ff">protected</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
         
          editText1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1); <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em>bind the object</em></span>
          editText2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText2);
          btn1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
                      
          btn1.setOnClickListener(<span style="color:#0000ff">new</span> OnClickListener() { <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em>click listener for btn</em></span>
                
                 @Override
                 <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> onClick(View v) {
          });
       }
 
       @Override
       <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
          <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em> Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.</em></span>
          getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
          <span style="color:#0000ff">return</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">true</span>;
       }
 
}</span>

b）main_activity.xml

隐藏收缩复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">LinearLayout</span> <span style="color:#ff0000">xmlns:android</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>

    <span style="color:#ff0000">xmlns:tools</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">http://schemas.android.com/tools"</span>

    <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_width</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">match_parent"</span>

    <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_height</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">match_parent"</span>

    <span style="color:#ff0000">android:paddingBottom</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"</span>

    <span style="color:#ff0000">android:paddingLeft</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"</span>

    <span style="color:#ff0000">android:paddingRight</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"</span>

    <span style="color:#ff0000">android:paddingTop</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"</span>

    <span style="color:#ff0000">android:orientation</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">vertical"</span>

    <span style="color:#ff0000">tools:context</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">.MainActivity"</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">TextView</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_width</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_height</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:text</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">Enter The Desired Time Interval For To Changed In Vibrate Mode"</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">/</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">TextView</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_width</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_height</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:text</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">From (24 Hour Format)"</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">/</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">EditText</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:id</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">@+id/editText1"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_width</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">fill_parent"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_height</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:numeric</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">integer"</span>

        <span style="color:#0000ff">/</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">TextView</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_width</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_height</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:text</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">To (24 Hour Format)"</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">/</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">EditText</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:id</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">@+id/editText2"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_width</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">fill_parent"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_height</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:numeric</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">integer"</span>

        <span style="color:#0000ff">/</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">Button</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:id</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">@+id/btn1"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_width</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:layout_height</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">wrap_content"</span>

        <span style="color:#ff0000">android:text</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">Set the Service"</span><span style="color:#0000ff">/</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
 
<span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">/LinearLayout</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span></span>

2 - 根据间隔设置警报管理器

在创建Alarm Manager之前，我们需要创建我们的意图来通过AlarmManager以下方式调用它们：

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000">Intent intent1 = <span style="color:#0000ff">new</span> Intent(getBaseContext(), FromHourAlarmReceiver.<span style="color:#0000ff">class</span>);
final PendingIntent sender1 = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(<span style="color:#0000ff">this</span>, <span style="color:#000080">192837</span>, intent1, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

Intent intent2 = <span style="color:#0000ff">new</span> Intent(getBaseContext(), ToHourAlarmReceiver.<span style="color:#0000ff">class</span>);
final PendingIntent sender2 = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(<span style="color:#0000ff">this</span>, <span style="color:#000080">192837</span>, intent2, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);</span>

在这里，Intent是要执行的操作的名称。由于我们将调用一个类，FromHourAlarmReceiver该类需要知道发生了什么，为什么调用它，谁是调用者等等。因此我们需要通过Intent对象[1]发送上下文。

这里有另一个术语PendingIntent，这有两点重要。第一个表明我们写的意图将在稍后开始。第二个是通过使用PendingIntent我们告诉我们正与3通信Android平台研发 Android平台的第三方应用程序或服务。在这个演示中，它是AlarmManager服务。（有关详细信息，请查看http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/PendingIntent.html）

我们创建了两个意图，因为我们将设置2个警报，第一个将手机状态更改为振动模式，另一个将其更改为正常模式。所以我们需要2个日历对象来设置时间。

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000">Calendar cal1 = Calendar.getInstance();
cal1.<span style="color:#0000ff">set</span>(Calendar.HOUR,hourFrom);
                                  
Calendar cal2 = Calendar.getInstance();
cal2.<span style="color:#0000ff">set</span>(Calendar.HOUR,hourTo);</span>

在我们拥有所有设置警报的对象和信息之后：

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000">AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(<em>ALARM_SERVICE</em>);am.<span style="color:#0000ff">set</span>(AlarmManager.<em>RTC_WAKEUP</em>,
cal1.getTimeInMillis(), sender1);am.<span style="color:#0000ff">set</span>(AlarmManager.<em>RTC_WAKEUP</em>,
cal2.getTimeInMillis(), sender2);</span>

最后我们MainActivity将看起来像这样：

隐藏收缩复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">class</span> MainActivity extends Activity {

 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> EditText editText1;
 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> EditText editText2;
 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> Button btn1;
 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> hourFrom;
 <span style="color:#0000ff">private</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> hourTo;
             
   @Override
   <span style="color:#0000ff">protected</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     
      editText1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);
      editText2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText2);
      btn1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
     
       Intent intent1 = <span style="color:#0000ff">new</span> Intent(getBaseContext(), FromHourAlarmReceiver.<span style="color:#0000ff">class</span>);
       final PendingIntent sender1 = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
         <span style="color:#0000ff">this</span>, <span style="color:#000080">192837</span>, intent1, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
       
       Intent intent2 = <span style="color:#0000ff">new</span> Intent(getBaseContext(), ToHourAlarmReceiver.<span style="color:#0000ff">class</span>);
       final PendingIntent sender2 = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
         <span style="color:#0000ff">this</span>, <span style="color:#000080">192837</span>, intent2, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
     
      btn1.setOnClickListener(<span style="color:#0000ff">new</span> OnClickListener() {
            
             @Override
             <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> onClick(View v) {
                  
             <span style="color:#0000ff">try</span>{
                   hourFrom = Integer.parseInt(editText1.getText().toString());
                   hourTo = Integer.parseInt(editText2.getText().toString());
             } <span style="color:#0000ff">catch</span>(Exception e){}
                   <span style="color:#0000ff">if</span>((0<hourFrom&&hourFrom<24)&&
                             (0<hourTo&&hourTo<24)){
                         
                       Calendar cal1 = Calendar.getInstance();
                       cal1.<span style="color:#0000ff">set</span>(Calendar.HOUR,hourFrom);
                       
                       Calendar cal2 = Calendar.getInstance();
                       cal2.<span style="color:#0000ff">set</span>(Calendar.HOUR,hourTo);
                       
                       AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
                       am.<span style="color:#0000ff">set</span>(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, cal1.getTimeInMillis(), sender1);
                        am.<span style="color:#0000ff">set</span>(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, cal2.getTimeInMillis(), sender2);

                       Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), 
                         <span style="color:#800080">"</span><span style="color:#800080">Phone Mode Will Be Changed Automatically !"</span>,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                   }
                   <span style="color:#0000ff">else</span>{
                      Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), 
                        <span style="color:#800080">"</span><span style="color:#800080">Please enter hour in between 1-23 !"</span>,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                   }     
             }
      });
   }
 
   @Override
   <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
      <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em> Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.</em></span>
      getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
      <span style="color:#0000ff">return</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">true</span>;
   }
}</span>

3实现BroadcastReceivers

在android平台中，几乎所有在设备中执行的动作都被广播。它可以想象成一个游泳池。无论操作是什么，都会将信息发送到该池。这样，您可以检查设备中发生的情况并根据它们执行操作。

在我们的演示中，AlarmManager将广播已发生警报并捕获此警报，我们需要编写BroadcastReceiver如下所示：

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">class</span> FromHourAlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
   @Override
   <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      }
}</span>

可以用tie onReceive()方法执行期望的操作。

注意：当a BroadcastReceiver添加到项目时，需要将其注册到AndroidManifest.xml中。以下代码适用于此：

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">receiverandroid:process</span><span style="color:#0000ff">=</span><span style="color:#0000ff"><em>"</em></span><em><span style="color:#ff0000">:remote"</span></em> <span style="color:#ff0000">android:name</span><span style="color:#0000ff">=</span><span style="color:#0000ff"><em>"</em></span><em><span style="color:#ff0000">FromHourAlarmReceiver"</span></em><span style="color:#0000ff">></span><span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">/receiver</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
<span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">receiverandroid:process</span><span style="color:#0000ff">=</span><span style="color:#0000ff"><em>"</em></span><em><span style="color:#ff0000">:remote"</span></em> <span style="color:#ff0000">android:name</span><span style="color:#0000ff">=</span><span style="color:#0000ff"><em>"</em></span><em><span style="color:#ff0000">ToHourAlarmReceiver"</span></em><span style="color:#0000ff">></span><span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">/receiver</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span></span>

所以我们有2个BroadcastReceivers：

FromHourAlarmReceiver 负责将手机状态更改为振动模式。
ToHourAlarmReceiver 负责将手机状态更改为正常模式。

FromHourAlarmReceiver.class

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">class</span> FromHourAlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

   @Override
   <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      AudioManager am= (AudioManager) context.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);
      am.setRingerMode(AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_VIBRATE);
      Toast.makeText(context, <span style="color:#800080">"</span><span style="color:#800080">Phone Mode Is Changed to Vibrate Mode"</span>, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
   }
}</span>

ToHourAlarmManager.class

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">class</span> ToHourAlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

   @Override
   <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      AudioManager am= (AudioManager) context.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);
      am.setRingerMode(AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_NORMAL);
      Toast.makeText(context, <span style="color:#800080">"</span><span style="color:#800080">Phone Mode Is Changed to Normal Mode"</span>, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
      Log.d(<span style="color:#800080">"</span><span style="color:#800080">warnning"</span>, <span style="color:#800080">"</span><span style="color:#800080">something is happend..."</span>);
   }
}</span>

注意2：当a收到警报提醒时BroadCastReceiver，您可以调用自己的服务类，如下所示：

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000">Intent myServiceIntent = <strong><span style="color:#0000ff">new</span></strong>
Intent(context,MyService.<strong><span style="color:#0000ff">class</span></strong>);
context.startService(myServiceIntent);</span>

注3：不要忘记将Service类注册到AndroidManifest.xml：

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">service</span> <span style="color:#ff0000">class</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">.MyService"</span> <span style="color:#ff0000">android:name</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">MyService"</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
 <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">intent-filter</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
   <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">action</span> <span style="color:#ff0000">android:value</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">com.javaorigin.android.sample.service.MY_SERVICE"</span>

           <span style="color:#ff0000">android:name</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">.MyService"</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">/</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>       
 <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">/intent-filter</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
<span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">/service</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span></span>

MyService.class

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">class</span> MyService extends Service{

    @Override
      <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> onCreate() {
          super.onCreate();    

    }

    @Override
       <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> onStartCommand(Intent intent, <span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> flags, <span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> startId) {
           Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), 
            <span style="color:#800080">"</span><span style="color:#800080">*** I am called by BroadcastReceiver ***"</span>, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                 <span style="color:#0000ff">return</span> startId;
    }
     @Override
      <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> onDestroy() {
          super.onDestroy();  
      }
   @Override
   <span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
          <span style="color:#008000"><em>//</em></span><span style="color:#008000"><em> TODO Auto-generated method stub</em></span>
          <span style="color:#0000ff">return</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">null</span>;
   }
}</span>

2.服务类的注册

众所周知，AndroidManifest.xml负责所有权限，服务，意图等。所以我们编写的服务必须由AndroidManifest.xml知道。为此，应将以下代码添加到AndroidManifes.xml：

隐藏复制代码

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">service</span> <span style="color:#ff0000">class</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">.MyService"</span> <span style="color:#ff0000">android:name</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">MyService"</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
 <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">intent-filter</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
   <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">action</span> <span style="color:#ff0000">android:value</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">com.javaorigin.android.sample.service.MY_SERVICE"</span>

           <span style="color:#ff0000">android:name</span><span style="color:#0000ff">="</span><span style="color:#0000ff">.MyService"</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">/</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>       
   <span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">/intent-filter</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span>
<span style="color:#0000ff"><</span><span style="color:#800000">/service</span><span style="color:#0000ff">></span></span>

注意4：如果服务在运行时被调用，可能会崩溃。要防止出现此类错误，请检查方法的标志类型onStartCommand。

节点5：大多数系统应用程序服务对用户不可见。如果你想编写一个不可见的服务，你应该使你的“apk”好像它是一个系统应用程序。

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