60.Permutation Sequence (M)

Permutation Sequence (M)

The set [1,2,3,...,*n*] contains a total of n! unique permutations.

By listing and labeling all of the permutations in order, we get the following sequence for n = 3:

1. "123"
2. "132"
3. "213"
4. "231"
5. "312"
6. "321"

Given n and k, return the kth permutation sequence.

Note:

• Given n will be between 1 and 9 inclusive.
• Given k will be between 1 and n! inclusive.

Example 1:

Input: n = 3, k = 3
Output: "213"

Example 2:

Input: n = 3, k = 3
Output: "213"

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题意

按字典序输出一个递增序列的第k个排列。

思路

对于n个数的排列，只有当后面n-1个数完成一次全排列后，才会对第一个数进行更替，即更换周期cycle为(n-1)!，且第一个数字是按照n个数中从最小数到最大数依次更替的。令 $count=\frac{k-1}{cycle}+1$，则排在第一位的数字是这n个数中的第count大，将该数字加入结果序列。每次得到第一位数字后，缩小n的规模求剩下n-1个数中应当排在第一位的数，同时要更新n-1个数中要求的第k个排列 k = (