1.var与let
1)var没有块级作用域,在闭包中都可以访问,如果变量名重复,则前一个会被覆盖。
let可以通过闭包隔离,增加了块级作用域隔离,即外界无法访问闭包中的变量
if (true) {
var a = "a"; // 期望a是某一个值
}
console.log(a);
结果:a
if(true){
let name = 'zfpx';
}
console.log(name);// ReferenceError: name is not defined
2)var在for循环标记变量共享
let for循环中可以使用,且嵌套循环不会相互影响
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
setTimeout(function () {
alert(i);
}, 0);
}
结果
弹窗三次 3
// 嵌套循环不会相互影响
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
console.log("out", i);
for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
console.log("in", i);
}
}
结果 out 0 in 0 in 1 out 1 in 0 in 1 out 2 in 0 in 1
2.let的优点
1)实现块级作用域
if(true){
let name = 'zfpx';
}
console.log(name);// ReferenceError: name is not defined
2)不会污染全局对象
if(true){
let name = 'zfpx';
}
console.log(window.name);
结果 undefined
3)for循环嵌套中不会相互影响
// 嵌套循环不会相互影响
for (let i = 0; i < 2; i ++){
console.log('inner',i);
let i = 100;
}
结果 i is not defined
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) { console.log("out", i); for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) { console.log("in", i); } } 结果 out 0 in 0 in 1 out 1 in 0 in 1 out 2 in 0 in 1
4)重复定义会报错
if(true){
let a = 1;
let a = 2; //Identifier 'a' has already been declared
}
5)不存在变量的预解释
3.const定义常量,一旦赋值,(不能重新赋值,但可以改变)
const MY_NAME = 'zfpx';
MY_NAME = 'zfpx2';//Assignment to constant variable
const names = ['zfpx1'];
names.push('zfpx2');
console.log(names);
1)不同的块级作用域可以多次定义
const A = "0";
{
const A = "A";
console.log(A)
}
{
const A = "B";
console.log(A)
}
console.log(A)
结果 A B 0