【containerd】Containerd高阶命令行工具nerdctl

margu_168

已于 2024-06-24 16:33:36 修改

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分类专栏： containerd 文章标签： docker

于 2024-06-24 15:43:49 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/margu_168/article/details/139822555

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前言

对于习惯了使用docker cli的用户来说，containerd的命令行工具ctr使用起来不是很顺手，此时别慌，还有另外一个命令行工具项目nerdctl可供我们选择。 nerdctl是一个与docker cli风格兼容的containerd的cli工具。 nerdctl已经作为子项目加入了containerd项目，它的github地址是https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl，而且从最近的nerdctl 0.8开始，nerdctl直接兼容了docker compose的语法(不包含swarm)，这很大提高了直接将containerd作为本地开发、测试和单机容器部署使用的体验。本来k8s后续将不再支持dockershim，docker在k8s社区的地位急剧下降，现在单机直接使用containerd易用性也不断被完善，也许docker的辉煌已经远去了。

实际上nerdctl compose实现的是Compose Specification规范，这个规范是从自Docker Compose file version 3 specification规范发展而来的。

安装nerdctl

本章节在上一章节的基础下进行，containerd都已安装并启动完成。nerdctl下载链接：https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl/releases/tag/v1.7.6
nerdctl 官方发布包含两个安装版本：

Minimal：仅包含 nerdctl 二进制文件及 rootless 模式下的辅助安装脚本；
Full：全量包，其中包含了 Containerd、CNI、runc、BuildKit 等完整组件。

如下：
在这里插入图片描述

下载nerdctl

注意：安装 nerdctl-full 版本集成了 containerd 。由于我之前虽然安装了containerd，但是没有安装其他插件如CNI、BuildKit 等。我还是选择了安装nerdctl-full版本

[root@kube-master ~]# wget https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl/releases/download/v1.7.6/nerdctl-full-1.7.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压安装

[root@kube-master ~]# tar -xvf v1.7.6/nerdctl-full-1.7.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

验证查看

[root@kube-master ~]# ctr version
Client:
  Version:  v1.7.18
  Revision: ae71819c4f5e67bb4d5ae76a6b735f29cc25774e
  Go version: go1.21.11

Server:
  Version:  1.6.33
  Revision: d2d58213f83a351ca8f528a95fbd145f5654e957
  UUID: 2bf0456c-c052-4d37-83b7-3d58cf632b91
WARNING: version mismatch
WARNING: revision mismatch
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl version
WARN[0000] unable to determine buildctl version: exec: "buildctl": executable file not found in $PATH 
Client:
 Version:       v1.7.6
 OS/Arch:       linux/amd64
 Git commit:    845e989f69d25b420ae325fedc8e70186243fd93
 buildctl:
  Version:

Server:
 containerd:
  Version:      1.6.33
  GitCommit:    d2d58213f83a351ca8f528a95fbd145f5654e957
 runc:
  Version:      1.1.12
  GitCommit:    v1.1.12-0-g51d5e946

nerdctl使用

nerdctl 是 containerd 的命令行界面的工具。nerdctl 兼容 docker ，如果会使用 docker-cli 就等于掌握了 nerdctl 80% 的使用方法。nerdctl 不但兼容docker-cli 甚至还兼容了 docker-compose的功能点。

更名docker

甚至可以直接将nerdctl更名为 docker，注意如果服务器本身安装了docker需要注意到底使用的哪个目录的。

[root@kube-master ~]# cat << 'EOF' > /usr/local/bin/docker
> #!/bin/bash
> /usr/local/bin/nerdctl $@
> EOF
[root@kube-master ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker

nerdctl bash自动补全

[root@kube-master ~]# yum install bash-completion -y
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/nerdctl
[root@kube-master ~]# source /etc/bash_completion.d/nerdctl

上面补全的是 nerdctl 的命令，而当 nerdctl 重命名 docker 后，没有 docker 的自动补全。

添加 docker 别名的自动补全：
生成自动补全文件

[root@kube-master ~]#nerdctl completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/docker

生效

[root@kube-master ~]# source /etc/bash_completion.d/nerdctl
[root@kube-master ~]# source /etc/bash_completion.d/docker

测试
输入 docker image + 两下 tab

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl image
image   (Manage images)  images  (List images)

安装常用插件

安装docker常用扩展插件
[root@kube-master ~]# docker run -it registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k7scn/tools bash
Unable to find image 'registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k7scn/tools:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from k7scn/tools
88ecf269dec3: Pull complete 
7e3e2c929b89: Pull complete 
dedb8fce9b84: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:71442d19f1f35271a66de5c9d1f869c61946b25b991544b99b1de3cc2a9129c3
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k7scn/tools:latest
bash-5.2# 
bash-5.2# ls
bin      dev      etc      home     lib      media    mnt      opt      pkg.tgz  proc     root     run      sbin     srv      sys      tmp      usr      var
bash-5.2# mkdir /sysdir
bash-5.2# tar xf pkg.tgz -C /sysdir/
bash-5.2# cd /sysdir/
bash-5.2# ls
cclear          ctop            docker-compose  ergoget         iclear          kdtoken         upgrade-tools
crictl          din             dps             helminit        kbtoken         scope

可以看到有很多常用的命令，下面我们通过一条命令直接拷贝到本地。

[root@kube-master cni]# nerdctl run --rm -v /usr/local/bin:/sysdir registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k7scn/tools tar zxf /pkg.tgz -C /sysdir
FATA[0000] failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: error during container init: error running hook #0: error running hook: exit status 1, stdout: , stderr: time="2024-06-20T14:32:18+08:00" level=fatal msg="failed to call cni.Setup: plugin type=\"bridge\" failed (add): incompatible CNI versions; config is \"1.0.0\", plugin supports [\"0.1.0\" \"0.2.0\" \"0.3.0\" \"0.3.1\"]"
Failed to write to log, write /var/lib/nerdctl/1935db59/containers/default/4cb2dd96d087592d4b69a09e3c992e52e3bbb90c226df698887eedd015565095/oci-hook.createRuntime.log: file already closed: unknown

可以看到在拷贝过程中出现了问题，在网上找了一下资料解决。如下：

# 下载包
[root@kube-master ~]# wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.1.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.1.1.tgz
# 备份一下驱动
[root@kube-master ~]# mv /opt/cni/bin /opt/cni/bin.bak
# 解压到指定目录
[root@kube-master ~]# tar -zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.1.1.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin        
#然后再次执行拷贝
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl run --rm -v /usr/local/bin:/sysdir registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k7scn/tools tar zxf /pkg.tgz -C /sysdir

执行完成后，就已经拷贝到 /usr/local/bin 目录下。

镜像管理

查看镜像

[root@kube-master cni]# nerdctl images
REPOSITORY                                      TAG       IMAGE ID        CREATED        PLATFORM       SIZE        BLOB SIZE
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k7scn/tools    latest    71442d19f1f3    3 hours ago    linux/amd64    55.4 MiB    45.7 MiB
[root@kube-master cni]# 
或者
[root@kube-master cni]# nerdctl image ls
REPOSITORY                                      TAG       IMAGE ID        CREATED        PLATFORM       SIZE        BLOB SIZE
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k7scn/tools    latest    71442d19f1f3    3 hours ago    linux/amd64    55.4 MiB    45.7 MiB

下载镜像

[root@kube-master cni]# nerdctl pull nginx:alpine
WARN[0000] skipping verifying HTTPS certs for "docker.io" 
docker.io/library/nginx:alpine:                                                   resolved       |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
index-sha256:eb05700fe7baa6890b74278e39b66b2ed1326831f9ec3ed4bdc6361a4ac2f333:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
manifest-sha256:544ba2bfe312bf2b13278495347bb9381ec342e630bcc8929af124f1291784bb: done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
config-sha256:cc44224bfe208a46fbc45471e8f9416f66b75d6307573e29634e7f42e27a9268:   done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:40e5d2fe5bcd566dbde3e961f33ced0f1503fc6ee320a427b185a07afe2f96ae:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:59bf1c3509f33515622619af21ed55bbe26d24913cedbca106468a5fb37a50c3:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:f3322597df46099a66ed5773c10a9d1cb587faca7be14ceba985e3d1fbfdbc36:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:d09cf91cabdcf5f64672598b8e4da9b0b7d8546e83ec49633bdd92abb994ba61:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:3a97535ac2efcf94ab3e5f93a6ec4d934469de66909f17ba1229f86ee660970a:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:919ade35f869e23d663ea51fdf2e99aa183239a73b4b4780e052c8b248ed5b7e:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
elapsed: 20.9s                                                                    total:  9.7 Mi (475.7 KiB/s)                                     
[root@kube-master cni]# nerdctl images
REPOSITORY                                      TAG       IMAGE ID        CREATED           PLATFORM       SIZE        BLOB SIZE
nginx                                           alpine    eb05700fe7ba    13 seconds ago    linux/amd64    26.4 MiB    9.7 MiB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k7scn/tools    latest    71442d19f1f3    3 hours ago       linux/amd64    55.4 MiB    45.7 MiB

查看镜像详细信息

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl inspect nginx:alpine

构建镜像

[root@kube-master ~]# cd /tmp/
[root@kube-master tmp]# cat > /tmp/Dockerfile <<EOF
FROM ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest
RUN echo "hello world!" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
EOF

[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl build -t mynginx:v1 /tmp
ERRO[0000] `buildctl` needs to be installed and `buildkitd` needs to be running, see https://github.com/moby/buildkit  error="failed to ping to host unix:///run/buildkit-default/buildkitd.sock: exit status 1\nfailed to ping to host unix:///run/buildkit/buildkitd.sock: exit status 1"
FATA[0000] no buildkit host is available, tried 2 candidates: failed to ping to host unix:///run/buildkit-default/buildkitd.sock: exit status 1
failed to ping to host unix:///run/buildkit/buildkitd.sock: exit status 1

当构建镜像时，出现如上报错信息，是因为 buildkit.service 服务没有启动，下面先添加启动文件，然后启动服务：

#添加buildkit.service文件
[root@kube-master tmp]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/buildkit.service
[Unit]
Description=BuildKit
Requires=buildkit.socket
After=buildkit.socket
Documentation=https://github.com/moby/buildkit

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/buildkitd --addr fd://

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#添加buildkit.socket文件
[root@kube-master tmp]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/buildkit.socket
[Unit]
Description=BuildKit
Documentation=https://github.com/moby/buildkit

[Socket]
ListenStream=%t/buildkit/buildkitd.sock
SocketMode=0660

[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target

#启动服务
[root@kube-master tmp]# systemctl enable buildkit.service ; systemctl start buildkit.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/buildkit.service to /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/buildkit.service.

BuildKit 是由 docker 公司开发的下一代 docker build 工具，具有更高效、更安全、易于扩展等特点。BuildKit 是由 buildkitd 守护程序和 buildctl 客户端组成。

buildkitd 作为服务端，连接容器运行时，目前支持 runc 和 containerd 作为镜像构建环境，默认是 runc
buildctl 作为客户端，负责解析 Dockerfile 文件，并向 buildkitd 发出构建请求。由于命令复杂，使用 nerdctl 替代
再次进行构建

[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl  build -t mynginx:v1 /tmp/ 
[+] Building 17.8s (6/6) FINISHED                                                                                                                      
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                              0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 154B                                                                                                              0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest                                                            15.6s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                 0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                   0.0s
 => [1/2] FROM ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31       0.0s
 => => resolve ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31       0.0s
 => CACHED [2/2] RUN echo "hello world!" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html                                                                       0.0s
 => exporting to docker image format                                                                                                              2.1s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                           0.0s
 => => exporting manifest sha256:786482a9a8cfc283cf2aa577c6428968660afc2a8fd334d37d9a4b06b80f0888                                                 0.0s
 => => exporting config sha256:c3bc6d0ebbe5d11f803b6b783f69c494e22a17bcedafb74bbf9876052f57ff46                                                   0.0s
 => => sending tarball                                                                                                                            2.1s
unpacking docker.io/library/mynginx:v1 (sha256:786482a9a8cfc283cf2aa577c6428968660afc2a8fd334d37d9a4b06b80f0888)...
Loaded image: docker.io/library/mynginx:v1

查看镜像

[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl  images
REPOSITORY                                       TAG       IMAGE ID        CREATED              PLATFORM       SIZE         BLOB SIZE
mynginx                                          v1        786482a9a8cf    About an hour ago    linux/amd64    149.1 MiB    54.1 MiB
ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx    latest    0d17b565c37b    About an hour ago    linux/amd64    149.1 MiB

注意：
nerdctl 构建的机制和 docker 是完全不同的。

docker 首先会检查本地是否有 Dockerfile 中 FROM 的镜像。如果有，直接使用。没有则通过网络下载镜像;
nerdctl 会根据 Dockerfile FROM参数指定镜像的域名去网上找这个镜像，找到后确认和本地同名镜像校验无误之后，才会使用本地的镜像构建新镜像。

举例：
通过tag 打标一个不存在域名的镜像

[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl tag ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest margu.com/library/nginx:latest
#查看镜像
[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl  images
REPOSITORY                                       TAG       IMAGE ID        CREATED              PLATFORM       SIZE         BLOB SIZE
mynginx                                          v1        786482a9a8cf    About an hour ago    linux/amd64    149.1 MiB    54.1 MiB
margu.com/library/nginx                          latest    0d17b565c37b    3 seconds ago        linux/amd64    149.1 MiB    54.1 MiB
ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx    latest    0d17b565c37b    About an hour ago    linux/amd64    149.1 MiB    54.1 MiB

通过margu.com/library/nginx:latest构建新镜像

[root@kube-master tmp]# cat > /tmp/Dockerfile <<EOF
FROM umargu.com/library/nginx:latest
RUN echo "hello world!" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
EOF


[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl  build -t mynginx:v2 /tmp/ 
[+] Building 12.1s (2/2) FINISHED                                                                                                                      
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                              0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 132B                                                                                                              0.0s
 => ERROR [internal] load metadata for margu.com/library/nginx:latest                                                                            12.1s
------
 > [internal] load metadata for margu.com/library/nginx:latest:
------
Dockerfile:1
--------------------
   1 | >>> FROM margu.com/library/nginx:latest
   2 |     RUN echo "hello world!" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
   3 |     
--------------------
error: failed to solve: margu.com/library/nginx:latest: failed to do request: Head "https://margu.com/v2/library/nginx/manifests/latest": dial tcp 5.161.180.74:443: connect: connection refused
FATA[0012] no image was built

构建时，直接就抛出了错误信息，这里要非常注意！

镜像标签TAG

[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl tag ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest margu.com/library/nginx:latest
[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl  images
REPOSITORY                                       TAG       IMAGE ID        CREATED              PLATFORM       SIZE         BLOB SIZE
mynginx                                          v1        786482a9a8cf    About an hour ago    linux/amd64    149.1 MiB    54.1 MiB
margu.com/library/nginx                          latest    0d17b565c37b    6 seconds ago        linux/amd64    149.1 MiB    54.1 MiB
ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx    latest    0d17b565c37b    About an hour ago    linux/amd64    149.1 MiB    54.1 MiB

删除镜像

[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl  rmi margu.com/library/nginx:latest
Untagged: margu.com/library/nginx:latest@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Deleted: sha256:2edcec3590a4ec7f40cf0743c15d78fb39d8326bc029073b41ef9727da6c851f
Deleted: sha256:e379e8aedd4d72bb4c529a4ca07a4e4d230b5a1d3f7a61bc80179e8f02421ad8
Deleted: sha256:b8d6e692a25e11b0d32c5c3dd544b71b1085ddc1fddad08e68cbd7fda7f70221
Deleted: sha256:f1db227348d0a5e0b99b15a096d930d1a69db7474a1847acbc31f05e4ef8df8c
Deleted: sha256:32ce5f6a5106cc637d09a98289782edf47c32cb082dc475dd47cbf19a4f866da
Deleted: sha256:d874fd2bc83bb3322b566df739681fbd2248c58d3369cb25908d68e7ed6040a6
[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl  images
REPOSITORY                                       TAG       IMAGE ID        CREATED              PLATFORM       SIZE         BLOB SIZE
mynginx                                          v1        786482a9a8cf    About an hour ago    linux/amd64    149.1 MiB    54.1 MiB
ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx    latest    0d17b565c37b    About an hour ago    linux/amd64    149.1 MiB    54.1 MiB

导出镜像

#导出，不压缩
[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl save mynginx:v1 -o mynginx-1.tar
#导出且压缩
[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl save mynginx:v1|gzip  >mynginx-2.tar

#比较两者大小，镜像太小大小差别不明显。越大的镜像越压缩后越明显
[root@kube-master tmp]# ll -h mynginx-*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 55M Jun 24 11:21 mynginx-1.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 54M Jun 24 11:22 mynginx-2.tar

导入镜像

[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl load <  mynginx-1.tar 
unpacking docker.io/library/mynginx:v1 (sha256:786482a9a8cfc283cf2aa577c6428968660afc2a8fd334d37d9a4b06b80f0888)...
Loaded image: mynginx:v1
#或
[root@kube-master tmp]# nerdctl load -i mynginx-1.tar

通过上面的展示，基本和docker无差别，其他镜像管理的功能不再赘述。

网络

在安装 nerdctl-full-1.7.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz 时，网络插件也安装了。主要文件在/etc/cni 目录。

[root@kube-master ~]# ll /etc/cni/*
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 292 Apr 23  2020 10-flannel.conflist
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 860 Jun 20 14:32 nerdctl-bridge.conflist

查看网络

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl network ls
NETWORK ID      NAME      FILE
                cbr0      /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
17f29b073143    bridge    /etc/cni/net.d/nerdctl-bridge.conflist
                host      
                none

创建桥接网络

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl network create -d bridge --subnet 10.244.0.0/16 mynet
11c844f95e2862126712e209cd3acbc68c137931c639633da9dfc17b3a464bde
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl network ls
NETWORK ID      NAME      FILE
                cbr0      /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
17f29b073143    bridge    /etc/cni/net.d/nerdctl-bridge.conflist
11c844f95e28    mynet     /etc/cni/net.d/nerdctl-mynet.conflist
                host      
                none                      

#查看创建的网络的配置文件                
[root@kube-master ~]# cat /etc/cni/net.d/nerdctl-mynet.conflist
{
  "cniVersion": "1.0.0",
  "name": "mynet",
  "nerdctlID": "11c844f95e2862126712e209cd3acbc68c137931c639633da9dfc17b3a464bde",
  "nerdctlLabels": {},
  "plugins": [
    {
      "type": "bridge",
      "bridge": "br-11c844f95e28",
      "isGateway": true,
      "ipMasq": true,
      "hairpinMode": true,
      "ipam": {
        "ranges": [
          [
            {
              "gateway": "10.244.0.1",
              "subnet": "10.244.0.0/16"
            }
          ]
        ],
        "routes": [
          {
            "dst": "0.0.0.0/0"
          }
        ],
        "type": "host-local"
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "portmap",
      "capabilities": {
        "portMappings": true
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "firewall",
      "ingressPolicy": "same-bridge"
    },
    {
      "type": "tuning"
    }

nerdctl 所使用的网络及模式和 docker 完全一致，可以参考博客docker相关章节。

容器管理

nerdctl 和 dockerc-cli 类似，nerdctl 出现的原因之一就是为了兼容 docker-cli，所以用法一致，这里只列举几个，其他使用请直接参考 docker-cli

启动容器

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl run --name ngx -d -p 80:80  ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx
b42999d7549bff53767152a364d14438360b7a2751b8b89be9872c199ed121c5

#启动容器并指定特定网络(使用宿主机网络直接启动容器)
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl run --name ngx1 --net host -d   ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest
20e071e36a5e8dab24be68baa6c40d74adda1a9c6f75bdc03210135d57b8ff0e

查看容器

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl  ps
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE                                                   COMMAND                   CREATED           STATUS    PORTS                 NAMES
20e071e36a5e    ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest    "/docker-entrypoint.…"    14 seconds ago    Up                              ngx1 
b42999d7549b    ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest    "/docker-entrypoint.…"    2 minutes ago     Up        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    ngx

#查看所有容器
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl ps -a
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE                             COMMAND                   CREATED               STATUS                         PORTS                 NAMES
0c671d5ac3f1    docker.io/library/nginx:alpine    "/docker-entrypoint.…"    About a minute ago    Up                             0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    ngx
5ff17a6ba473    docker.io/library/nginx:alpine    "/docker-entrypoint.…"    19 seconds ago        Exited (137) 14 seconds ago    0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    ngx-1

#查看容器详细信息
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl inspect  ngx
[
    {
        "Id": "b42999d7549bff53767152a364d14438360b7a2751b8b89be9872c199ed121c5",
        "Created": "2024-06-24T03:38:51.736767639Z",
        "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "nginx",
            "-g",
            "daemon off;"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "Pid": 31207,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/nerdctl/1935db59/containers/default/b42999d7549bff53767152a364d14438360b7a2751b8b89be9872c199ed121c5/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/nerdctl/1935db59/containers/default/b42999d7549bff53767152a364d14438360b7a2751b8b89be9872c199ed121c5/hostname",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/nerdctl/1935db59/containers/default/b42999d7549bff53767152a364d14438360b7a2751b8b89be9872c199ed121c5/b42999d7549bff53767152a364d14438360b7a2751b8b89be9872c199ed121c5-json.log",
        "Name": "ngx",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlayfs",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "Mounts": null,
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "b42999d7549b",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "Labels": {
                "io.containerd.image.config.stop-signal": "SIGQUIT",
                "nerdctl/extraHosts": "null",
                "nerdctl/hostname": "b42999d7549b",
                "nerdctl/log-uri": "binary:///usr/local/bin/nerdctl?_NERDCTL_INTERNAL_LOGGING=%2Fvar%2Flib%2Fnerdctl%2F1935db59",
                "nerdctl/name": "ngx",
                "nerdctl/namespace": "default",
                "nerdctl/networks": "[\"bridge\"]",
                "nerdctl/platform": "linux/amd64",
                "nerdctl/ports": "[{\"HostPort\":80,\"ContainerPort\":80,\"Protocol\":\"tcp\",\"HostIP\":\"0.0.0.0\"}]",
                "nerdctl/state-dir": "/var/lib/nerdctl/1935db59/containers/default/b42999d7549bff53767152a364d14438360b7a2751b8b89be9872c199ed121c5"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Ports": {
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "80"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "10.4.0.5",
            "IPPrefixLen": 24,
            "MacAddress": "b2:0f:dc:0d:9d:8a",
            "Networks": {
                "unknown-eth0": {
                    "IPAddress": "10.4.0.5",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 24,
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "b2:0f:dc:0d:9d:8a"
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

删除容器

1.stop 容器
2.删除容器
或者
强制删除容器

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl stop ngx
ngx
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl rm  ngx
ngx
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl rm  ngx1
FATA[0000] 1 errors:
container 20e071e36a5e8dab24be68baa6c40d74adda1a9c6f75bdc03210135d57b8ff0e is in running status. unpause/stop container first or force removal 
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl rm  ngx1 -f 
ngx1

运行docker-compose

nerdctl 直接兼容了 docker-compose 。
docker-compose 配置清单文件

[root@kube-master ~]# cat > docker-compose.yml << EOF
version: "3.7"
services:
  ngx:
    container_name: "ngx"
    image: ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest
    restart: always
    networks:
    - test_net
    ports:
    - 80:80

networks:
  test_net:
    name: test_net
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
      - subnet: "172.100.0.0/16"
EOF

通过docker-compose 启动

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl compose up -d
INFO[0000] Creating network test_net                    
INFO[0000] Creating network root_default                
INFO[0000] Ensuring image ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest 
INFO[0000] Creating container ngx

查看启动

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl compose ps
NAME    IMAGE                                                   COMMAND                   SERVICE    STATUS     PORTS
ngx     ustc-edu-cn.mirror.aliyuncs.com/library/nginx:latest    "/docker-entrypoint.…"    ngx        running    0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp

停止并删除

[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl compose down
INFO[0000] Removing container ngx                       
INFO[0000] Removing network root_default                
INFO[0000] Removing network test_net                    
[root@kube-master ~]# nerdctl compose ps
NAME    IMAGE    COMMAND    SERVICE    STATUS    PORTS

更多关于containerd的知识分享，请前往博客主页。编写过程中，难免出现差错，敬请指出

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【containerd】Containerd高阶命令行工具nerdctl

对于习惯了使用docker cli的用户来说，containerd的命令行工具ctr使用起来不是很顺手，此时别慌，还有另外一个命令行工具项目nerdctl可供我们选择。nerdctl是一个与docker cli风格兼容的containerd的cli工具。
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