From: http://blog.csdn.net/zj510/article/details/39290061
当我们在COM组件内部创建线程的时候,又是怎么样的一种情况呢?
这个地方跟组件的具体类型有关了,先来看看STA组件的情况。
STA组件内部创建线程
先看一段代码,CMyCarEx是一个STA组件,我们在Run()函数里面起了1000个线程。每个线程就会把m_nMiles加1,1000个线程运行完毕后通过连接点将英里数返回给调用者。
- // MyCarEx.cpp : Implementation of CMyCarEx
- #include "stdafx.h"
- #include "MyCarEx.h"
- #include <thread>
- #include <vector>
- // CMyCarEx
- void CMyCarEx::WorkThread()
- {
- printf("CMyCarEx::WorkThread, begin, tid: %d\n", ::GetCurrentThreadId());
- std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
- ++m_nMiles;
- printf("CMyCarEx::WorkThread, end, tid: %d, miles: %d\n", ::GetCurrentThreadId(), m_nMiles);
- }
- STDMETHODIMP CMyCarEx::Run()
- {
- // TODO: Add your implementation code here
- std::vector<std::thread> vThreads;
- for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
- {
- std::thread t(&CMyCarEx::WorkThread, this);
- vThreads.push_back(std::move(t));
- }
- for (auto& t: vThreads)
- {
- t.join();
- }
- this->Fire_NeedMoreGas(m_nMiles);
- return S_OK;
- }
// MyCarEx.cpp : Implementation of CMyCarEx
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "MyCarEx.h"
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
// CMyCarEx
void CMyCarEx::WorkThread()
{
printf("CMyCarEx::WorkThread, begin, tid: %d\n", ::GetCurrentThreadId());
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
++m_nMiles;
printf("CMyCarEx::WorkThread, end, tid: %d, miles: %d\n", ::GetCurrentThreadId(), m_nMiles);
}
STDMETHODIMP CMyCarEx::Run()
{
// TODO: Add your implementation code here
std::vector<std::thread> vThreads;
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
{
std::thread t(&CMyCarEx::WorkThread, this);
vThreads.push_back(std::move(t));
}
for (auto& t: vThreads)
{
t.join();
}
this->Fire_NeedMoreGas(m_nMiles);
return S_OK;
}
当客户端调用Run函数的时候,可以得到如下结果:
英里数只有999,正确结果应该是1000.如果再运行一次,可能是998了。问题就是1000个线程并发运行,导致结果出错。不是说STA COM对象是保证串行化的吗?为什么会错呢?
实际上,这个问题跟是这样的:
无论客户端是单线程环境还是多线程环境,STA对象的运行线程一定处于STA套间。(如果客户端是单线程环境,那么STA对象就在客户创建的线程里面运行,如果是多线程环境,那么就在default STA套间里面运行)。
Run()函数在一个STA套间线程里面运行,从上面的代码可以看到WorkThread线程本身并没有初始化COM,那么它就是一个普通线程,我们尝试在普通线程里面调用一个STA对象,上面的例子线程函数是成员函数,所以直接来操作数据成员了。这里就涉及到1个问题: 普通线程访问STA对象.这就会导致不可预测的后果。MSDN上写的很清楚
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680112(v=vs.85).aspx
对于STA对象,每一个调用它的线程都必须初始化COM。那么我们需要把上面的线程初始化COM,这样就存在STA对象跨套间的问题了,一定需要marshal。
跨套间Marshal
我们需要把上面的代码改一下。首先为了避免线程函数直接访问COM对象数据的问题,我们把线程函数弄成普通函数。
然后再把COM对象marshal一下传递给线程,并且引入消息循环。代码如下:
- // MyCarEx.cpp : Implementation of CMyCarEx
- #include "stdafx.h"
- #include "MyCarEx.h"
- #include <thread>
- #include <vector>
- // CMyCarEx
- void WorkThread(LPSTREAM pStream)
- {
- ::CoInitializeEx(nullptr, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED);
- std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
- CComPtr<IMyCarEx> spCar;
- HRESULT hr = CoGetInterfaceAndReleaseStream(pStream, IID_IMyCarEx, (LPVOID*)&spCar); // unmarshal to get a com object
- spCar->AddMile(1);
- ::CoUninitialize();
- }
- STDMETHODIMP CMyCarEx::Run()
- {
- // TODO: Add your implementation code here
- std::vector<std::thread> vThreads;
- for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
- {
- LPSTREAM pStream = nullptr;
- IMyCarEx* car = nullptr;
- QueryInterface(IID_IMyCarEx, (void**)&car);
- CoMarshalInterThreadInterfaceInStream(IID_IMyCarEx, car, &pStream); // marshal
- car->Release();
- std::thread t(WorkThread, pStream);
- vThreads.push_back(std::move(t));
- }
- MSG msg;
- int index = 0;
- while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
- {
- index++;
- printf("msg index: %d\n", index);
- TranslateMessage(&msg);
- DispatchMessage(&msg);
- if (index >= 1000)
- {
- break;
- }
- }
- for (auto& t: vThreads)
- {
- t.join();
- }
- this->Fire_NeedMoreGas(m_nMiles);
- return S_OK;
- }
- STDMETHODIMP CMyCarEx::AddMile(LONG mile)
- {
- // TODO: Add your implementation code here
- m_nMiles += mile;
- return S_OK;
- }
// MyCarEx.cpp : Implementation of CMyCarEx
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "MyCarEx.h"
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
// CMyCarEx
void WorkThread(LPSTREAM pStream)
{
::CoInitializeEx(nullptr, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED);
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
CComPtr<IMyCarEx> spCar;
HRESULT hr = CoGetInterfaceAndReleaseStream(pStream, IID_IMyCarEx, (LPVOID*)&spCar); // unmarshal to get a com object
spCar->AddMile(1);
::CoUninitialize();
}
STDMETHODIMP CMyCarEx::Run()
{
// TODO: Add your implementation code here
std::vector<std::thread> vThreads;
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
{
LPSTREAM pStream = nullptr;
IMyCarEx* car = nullptr;
QueryInterface(IID_IMyCarEx, (void**)&car);
CoMarshalInterThreadInterfaceInStream(IID_IMyCarEx, car, &pStream); // marshal
car->Release();
std::thread t(WorkThread, pStream);
vThreads.push_back(std::move(t));
}
MSG msg;
int index = 0;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
index++;
printf("msg index: %d\n", index);
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
if (index >= 1000)
{
break;
}
}
for (auto& t: vThreads)
{
t.join();
}
this->Fire_NeedMoreGas(m_nMiles);
return S_OK;
}
STDMETHODIMP CMyCarEx::AddMile(LONG mile)
{
// TODO: Add your implementation code here
m_nMiles += mile;
return S_OK;
}
运行一下就可以得到如下结果:
这次就得到了正确结果。
OK, 其实在COM组件内部创建线程和客户端创建线程也是一样的。只要涉及到跨套间的问题,就一定需要marshal。要不然就会得到错误的结果。
当然,在COM组件内部创建线程的时候,有个可能性就是,客户端创建了MTA环境,那么如果组件内部线程不指定套间的话,这个线程默认就属于MTA套间。
完整客户端代码:
- // ConsoleApplication4.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
- //
- #include "stdafx.h"
- #include <thread>
- #include <atlbase.h>
- #include <atlcom.h>
- #include <algorithm>
- #include "../MyCom/MyCom_i.h"
- #include "../MyCom/MyCom_i.c"
- class CSink :
- public CComObjectRoot,
- public _IMyCarExEvents
- {
- BEGIN_COM_MAP(CSink)
- COM_INTERFACE_ENTRY(IDispatch)
- COM_INTERFACE_ENTRY(_IMyCarExEvents)
- END_COM_MAP()
- public:
- virtual ~CSink(){
- }
- STDMETHODIMP GetTypeInfoCount(UINT *pctinfo) { return E_NOTIMPL; }
- STDMETHODIMP GetTypeInfo(UINT iTInfo, LCID lcid, ITypeInfo **ppTInfo) { return E_NOTIMPL; }
- STDMETHODIMP GetIDsOfNames(REFIID riid, LPOLESTR *rgszNames, UINT cNames, LCID lcid, DISPID *rgDispId) { return E_NOTIMPL; }
- STDMETHODIMP Invoke(DISPID dispIdMember, REFIID riid,
- LCID lcid, WORD wFlags, DISPPARAMS *pDispParams,
- VARIANT *pVarResult, EXCEPINFO *pExcepInfo,
- UINT *puArgErr)
- {
- printf("sink, id: %d, parm: %d", dispIdMember, pDispParams->rgvarg[0].lVal);
- return S_OK;
- }
- };
- CComModule commodule;
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED);
- {
- CComPtr<IMyCarEx> spCar;
- HRESULT hr = spCar.CoCreateInstance(CLSID_MyCarEx, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER);
- CComObject<CSink>* sink = nullptr;
- CComObject<CSink>::CreateInstance(&sink);
- DWORD cookie = 0;
- AtlAdvise(spCar, sink, __uuidof(_IMyCarExEvents), &cookie);
- spCar->Run();
- spCar.Release();
- }
- CoUninitialize();
- return 0;
- }
// ConsoleApplication4.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <thread>
#include <atlbase.h>
#include <atlcom.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include "../MyCom/MyCom_i.h"
#include "../MyCom/MyCom_i.c"
class CSink :
public CComObjectRoot,
public _IMyCarExEvents
{
BEGIN_COM_MAP(CSink)
COM_INTERFACE_ENTRY(IDispatch)
COM_INTERFACE_ENTRY(_IMyCarExEvents)
END_COM_MAP()
public:
virtual ~CSink(){
}
STDMETHODIMP GetTypeInfoCount(UINT *pctinfo) { return E_NOTIMPL; }
STDMETHODIMP GetTypeInfo(UINT iTInfo, LCID lcid, ITypeInfo **ppTInfo) { return E_NOTIMPL; }
STDMETHODIMP GetIDsOfNames(REFIID riid, LPOLESTR *rgszNames, UINT cNames, LCID lcid, DISPID *rgDispId) { return E_NOTIMPL; }
STDMETHODIMP Invoke(DISPID dispIdMember, REFIID riid,
LCID lcid, WORD wFlags, DISPPARAMS *pDispParams,
VARIANT *pVarResult, EXCEPINFO *pExcepInfo,
UINT *puArgErr)
{
printf("sink, id: %d, parm: %d", dispIdMember, pDispParams->rgvarg[0].lVal);
return S_OK;
}
};
CComModule commodule;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED);
{
CComPtr<IMyCarEx> spCar;
HRESULT hr = spCar.CoCreateInstance(CLSID_MyCarEx, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER);
CComObject<CSink>* sink = nullptr;
CComObject<CSink>::CreateInstance(&sink);
DWORD cookie = 0;
AtlAdvise(spCar, sink, __uuidof(_IMyCarExEvents), &cookie);
spCar->Run();
spCar.Release();
}
CoUninitialize();
return 0;
}