oracle数据库的常用sql语句如下:
show user
2、查看系统拥有哪些用户
select * from all_users;
3、新建用户并授权
create user a identified by a;(默认建在SYSTEM表空间下)
grant connect,resource to a;
4、查询当前用户下所有对象
select * from tab;
5、建立第一个表
create table a(a number);
6、查询表结构
desc a
7、插入新记录
insert into a values(1);
8、查询记录
select * from a;
9、更改记录
update a set a=2;
10、删除记录
delete from a;
11、回滚
roll;
rollback;
12、提交
commit;
GRANT ALTER ANY INDEX TO "user_id "
GRANT "dba " TO "user_id ";
ALTER USER "user_id " DEFAULT ROLE ALL
创建用户:
CREATE USER "user_id " PROFILE "DEFAULT " IDENTIFIED BY " DEFAULT TABLESPACE
"USERS " TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP " ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT "CONNECT " TO "user_id ";
用户密码设定:
ALTER USER "CMSDB " IDENTIFIED BY "pass_word "
表空间创建:
CREATE TABLESPACE "table_space " LOGGING DATAFILE
'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\dbs\table_space.ora' SIZE 5M
1、查看当前所有对象
select * from tab;
2、建一个和a表结构一样的空表
create table b as select * from a where 1=2;
create table b(b1,b2,b3) as select a1,a2,a3 from a where 1=2;
3、察看数据库的大小,和空间使用情况
col tablespace format a20
select b.file_id 文件ID,
b.tablespace_name 表空间,
b.file_name 物理文件名,
b.bytes 总字节数,
(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) 已使用,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) 剩余,
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 剩余百分比
from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
where a.file_id=b.file_id
group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
order by b.tablespace_name
dba_free_space --表空间剩余空间状况
dba_data_files --数据文件空间占用情况
4、查看现有回滚段及其状态
col segment format a30
SELECT SEGMENT_NAME,OWNER,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_ID,FILE_ID,STATUS FROM
DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS;
5、查看数据文件放置的路径
col file_name format a50
select tablespace_name,file_id,bytes/1024/1024,file_name from
dba_data_files order by file_id;
6、显示当前连接用户
show user
7、把SQL*Plus当计算器
select 100*20 from dual;
8、连接字符串
select 列1 | |列2 from 表1;
select concat(列1,列2) from 表1;
9、查询当前日期
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd,hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
10、用户间复制数据
copy from user1 to user2 create table2 using select * from table1;
11、视图中不能使用order by,但可用group by代替来达到排序目的
create view a as select b1,b2 from b group by b1,b2;
12、通过授权的方式来创建用户
grant connect,resource to test identified by test;
conn test/test
13、查出当前用户所有表名。
select unique tname from col;
14.创建数据库用户:
CREATE USER user_name IDENTIFIED BY password;
GRANT CONNECT TO user_name;
GRANT RESOURCE TO user_name;
授权的格式: grant (权限) on tablename to username;
删除用户(或表):
drop user(table) username(tablename) (cascade);
15.向建好的用户导入数据表
IMP SYSTEM/MANAGER FROMUSER = FUSER_NAME TOUSER = USER_NAME FILE = C:\EXPDAT.DMP
COMMIT = Y
16.索引
create index [index_name] on [table_name]( "column_name ")
CREATE USER user_name IDENTIFIED BY password;
GRANT CONNECT TO user_name;
GRANT RESOURCE TO user_name;
授权的格式: grant (权限) on tablename to username;
删除用户(或表):
drop user(table) username(tablename) (cascade);
15.向建好的用户导入数据表
IMP SYSTEM/MANAGER FROMUSER = FUSER_NAME TOUSER = USER_NAME FILE = C:\EXPDAT.DMP
COMMIT = Y
16.索引
create index [index_name] on [table_name]( "column_name ")
/* 向一个表格添加字段 */
alter table alist_table add address varchar2(100);
/* 修改字段 属性 字段为空 */
alter table alist_table modify address varchar2(80);
/* 修改字段名字 */
create table alist_table_copy as select ID,NAME,PHONE,EMAIL,
QQ as QQ2, /*qq 改为qq2*/
ADDRESS from alist_table;
drop table alist_table;
rename alist_table_copy to alist_table
/* 修改表名 */
空值处理
有时要求列值不能为空
create table dept (deptno number(2) not null, dname char(14), loc char(13));
在基表中增加一列
alter table dept
add (headcnt number(3));
修改已有列属性
alter table dept
modify dname char(20);
注:只有当某列所有值都为空时,才能减小其列值宽度。
只有当某列所有值都为空时,才能改变其列值类型。
只有当某列所有值都为不空时,才能定义该列为not null。
例:
alter table dept modify (loc char(12));
alter table dept modify loc char(12);
alter table dept modify (dname char(13),loc char(12));
查找未断连接
select process,osuser,username,machine,logon_time ,sql_text
from v$session a,v$sqltext b whe