Python3读写Exchange一本通

Exchangelib是一个强大的操作Exchange的python库，可以搜索、创建、更新、删除、导出和上传日历、邮箱、任务、联系人和通讯组。

安装

# 支持Kerberos、SSPI特性
pip install exchangelib[complete]

建立连接

from exchangelib import DELEGATE, IMPERSONATION, Account, Credentials
# 用户名格式为“域名\用户名形式”
credentials = Credentials(username='MYWINDOMAIN\\myusername', password='topsecret')
# 启用自动发现
my_account = Account(primary_smtp_address='myusername@example.com', credentials=credentials, autodiscover=True, access_type=DELEGATE)

访问文件夹

各种文件夹都是Account类的属性，例如account.root，account.calendar，account.trash，account.inbox，account.outbox，account.sent，account.junk，account.tasks和account.contacts。

from exchangelib import Account, Folder

some_folder = a.root / 'Some Folder'
some_folder.parent
some_folder.children  # 子文件夹生成器
some_folder.walk()  # 返回当前文件夹的所有子文件夹
some_folder.glob('foo*')  # 返回匹配的子文件夹

# tree() 以字符串形式返回给定路径下的子文件夹结构树
print(a.root.tree())

# 可以创建、编辑、删除文件夹
f = Folder(parent=a.inbox, name='My New Folder')
f.save()

f.name = 'My New Subfolder'
f.save()
f.delete()

# 清空文件夹
f.empty()
# 清空并删除子文件夹
f.empty(delete_sub_folders=True)

时间，日期和时区

EWS对日期、时间和时区有一些特殊要求，因此需要使用EWSDate，EWSDateTime和EWSTimeZone三个特殊类。

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import pytz
from exchangelib import EWSTimeZone, EWSDateTime, EWSDate

# 可以使用本地计算机时区
tz = EWSTimeZone.localzone()
# EWSDate、EWSDateTime和datetime.datetime、datetime.date类似。要始终使用EWSTimeZone.localize()函数创建与时区关联的日期时间:
localized_dt = tz.localize(EWSDateTime(2017, 9, 5, 8, 30))
right_now = tz.localize(EWSDateTime.now())

# 日期时间可以加减
two_hours_later = localized_dt + timedelta(hours=2)
two_hours = two_hours_later - localized_dt
two_hours_later += timedelta(hours=2)

新建、更新、删除、发送、移动邮件

from exchangelib import Account, CalendarItem, Message, Mailbox, FileAttachment, HTMLBody
from exchangelib.items import SEND_ONLY_TO_ALL, SEND_ONLY_TO_CHANGED
from exchangelib.properties import DistinguishedFolderId

a = Account(...)
item = CalendarItem(folder=a.calendar, subject='foo')
# 注意：在实际操作时要求指定'start'、'end'属性
item.save()  # 保存操作将给日程实例的'id'和'changekey'赋值
item.move(a.trash)  # 移到垃圾邮件文件夹

# 或者在已发送文件保存一个副本：
m = Message(
    account=a,
    folder=a.sent,
    subject='Daily motivation',
    body='All bodies are beautiful',
    to_recipients=[Mailbox(email_address='anne@example.com')]
)
m.send_and_save()

# 同样，您可以回复和转发存储在邮箱中的邮件（即邮件具有项目ID）。
m = a.sent.get(subject='Daily motivation')
m.reply(
    subject='Re: Daily motivation',
    body='I agree',
    to_recipients=['carl@example.com', 'denice@example.com']
)
m.reply_all(subject='Re: Daily motivation', body='I agree')
m.forward(
    subject='Fwd: Daily motivation',
    body='Hey, look at this!', 
    to_recipients=['carl@example.com', 'denice@example.com']
)

使用附件

可以创建、删除和获取任何项目类型的附件，其中FileAttachment类为文件附件，'content’属性包含文件二进制内容；ItemAttachment类为各种项的附件，'item’属性为邮件的任意对象实例，该实例可以是Message, CalendarItem, Task等类型附件。

import os.path
from exchangelib import Account, FileAttachment, ItemAttachment, Message, CalendarItem, HTMLBody

a = Account
# 保存文件附件，打印项内容
for item in a.inbox.all():
    for attachment in item.attachments:
        if isinstance(attachment, FileAttachment):
            local_path = os.path.join('/tmp', attachment.name)
            with open(local_path, 'wb') as f:
                f.write(attachment.content)
            print('Saved attachment to', local_path)
        elif isinstance(attachment, ItemAttachment):
            if isinstance(attachment.item, Message):
                print(attachment.item.subject, attachment.item.body)
# 创建带附件的项
item = Message(...)
binary_file_content = 'Hello from unicode æøå'.encode('utf-8')  # Or read from file, BytesIO etc.
my_file = FileAttachment(name='my_file.txt', content=binary_file_content)
item.attach(my_file)
my_calendar_item = CalendarItem(...)
my_appointment = ItemAttachment(name='my_appointment', item=my_calendar_item)
item.attach(my_appointment)
item.save()

# 附件附加到现有项
my_other_file = FileAttachment(name='my_other_file.txt', content=binary_file_content)
item.attach(my_other_file)

# 删除附件
item.detach(my_file)

创建重复日历项

from datetime import timedelta
from exchangelib import Account, CalendarItem, EWSDateTime
from exchangelib.fields import MONDAY, WEDNESDAY
from exchangelib.recurrence import Recurrence, WeeklyPattern

a = Account(...)
start = a.default_timezone.localize(EWSDateTime(2017, 9, 1, 11))
end = start + timedelta(hours=2)
master_recurrence = CalendarItem(
    folder=a.calendar,
    start=start,
    end=end,
    subject='Hello Recurrence',
    recurrence=Recurrence(
        pattern=WeeklyPattern(interval=3, weekdays=[MONDAY, WEDNESDAY]),
        start=start.date(),
        number=7
    ),
)