多线程下join的应用与分析
一、场景:多线程环境下
二、需求:假如有两个线程,如何保证线程的顺序执行
三、解决方案:使用join的方式
四、原理分析
因此就引入了join的使用,当然保证线程的顺序执行肯定不止join这一种,本文主要是为了说明join的应用
案例一、
public class ThreadA extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
System.out.println("线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
System.out.println("线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
}
public class JoinThreadDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread threadA = new Thread(new ThreadA(), "ThreadA");
Thread threadB = new Thread(new ThreadB(), "ThreadB");
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
}
}
运行结果:
线程名称:ThreadA
线程名称:ThreadA
线程名称:ThreadA
线程名称:ThreadA
线程名称:ThreadB
线程名称:ThreadB
线程名称:ThreadB
线程名称:ThreadB
线程名称:ThreadB
线程名称:ThreadB
线程名称:ThreadB
线程名称:ThreadB
线程名称:ThreadA
...
线程会交替执行
那么加入join后
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread threadA = new Thread(new ThreadA(), "ThreadA");
Thread threadB = new Thread(new ThreadB(), "ThreadB");
threadA.start();
threadA.join();
threadB.start();
}
结果就是按照先执行完ThreadA,在执行ThreadB,这里其实还有个有意思的地方,你会发现这里抛出了一个InterruptedException,说明join是阻塞的,通过代码分析,你会发现凡是阻塞式都会抛出一个InterruptedException异常。言归正传,继续join
这里我们先来说下,为什么加入了join就会先执行完线程A,在执行线程B?
原因是join方法是在main主线程上调用的,在调用完后会让main主线程暂时挂起,当threadA执行完成以后唤醒main主线程。
那么这里有个疑问为什么使用join会导致main线程阻塞呢
Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the notify() method or the notifyAll() method for this object.
直译的意思是:导致当前线程等待,直到另一个线程为该对象调用notify()方法或notifyAll()方法。当前线程指的是当前CPU正在执行的线程,在上述例子中main线程是当前正在执行线程,而threadA正好又是同步对象,所以在main线程中调用threadA.join()实际是使main线程进入了等待。
/**
* Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
* die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
*
* <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
* conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
* {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
* applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
* {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
*
* @param millis
* the time to wait in milliseconds
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the value of {@code millis} is negative
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final synchronized void join(long millis)
throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) {
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0);
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
可以看出,join()方法的底层是利用wait()方法实现的。可以看出,join方法是一个同步方法,当主线程调用threadA.join()方法时,主线程先获得了threadA对象的锁,随后进入方法,调用了threadA对象的wait()方法,使主线程进入了threadA对象的等待池,此时,threadA线程则还在执行,并且随后的threadB.start()还没被执行,因此,threadB线程也还没开始。等到threadA线程执行完毕之后,主线程继续执行,走到了threadB.start(),threadB线程才会开始执行
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43184769/article/details/89599632
https://blog.csdn.net/u013425438/article/details/80205693