【python】Function References and Decorator 函数的引用以及操作符@的用法

@f
def g():
...

f是一个Decorator，这意味着f是一个函数会把引用带入其他函数，并且返回另一个函数的引用

先来看这个函数，每次调用mult_fn都会返回一个新的函数，double triple都是新的函数

def mult_fn(N):
    def multiply(x):
        return x * N
    return multiply

double = mult_fn(2)
triple = mult_fn(3)

print(double(10))
#20

decorator就和这个有点像

def function_A():
    print("A")

def decorate(fn):
    print("decorating!")
    return function_A

def function_B():
    print("B")
    
function_B = decorate(function_B)
function_B()
#decorating!
#A

等同于

def function_A():
    print("A")

def decorate(fn):
    print("decorating!")
    return function_A

@decorate
def function_B():
    print("B")

function_B()
#decorating!
#A

counts = {}
def count_me(fn):
    counts[fn.__name__] = 0
    def wrapper():
        counts[fn.__name__] += 1
        fn()
    return wrapper

@count_me
def f():
    print("f")
    
@count_me
def g():
    print("g")
 
g();f()
counts
#{'f': 1, 'g': 1}

用decorate把元素增加到list中

def abs(x):
    return x if x > 0 else -x

tests = []
def test(fn):
    tests.append(fn)
    return fn

@test
def test_neg():
    assert abs(-1) == 1
    assert abs(-3) == 3
    
@test
def test_pos():
    assert abs(1) == 1
    assert abs(3) == 3
    
@test
def test_zero():
    assert abs(0) == 0
    
passing = 0
failing = 0
for test_fn in tests:
    try: 
        test_fn()
        passing += 1
    except Exception:
        failing += 1

print("PASS", passing, "FAIL", failing)
#PASS 3 FAIL 0

routes = {}
def route(url):
    def wrap(fn):
        routes[url] = fn
        return fn
    return wrap

@route("/")
def home():
    print("home")
    
@route("/donate.html")
def donate():
    print("donate")
    
for resource in ["/", "/donate.html", "/missing.html"]:
    fn = routes.get(resource)
    if fn == None:
        print("404!")
        continue
    fn()
 
#home
#donate
#404!