execve(执行文件)
在父进程中fork一个子进程,在子进程中调用exec函数启动新的程序。exec函数一共有六个,其中execve为内核级系统调用,其他(execl,execle,execlp,execv,execvp)都是调用execve的库函数。废话不多少,看实例:
processimage.c文件:
//用来替换进程映象的程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int args,char *argv[],char **environ)
{
int i;
printf("I am a process image!\n");
printf("My pid = %d,parentId = %d\n",getpid(),getppid());
printf("uid = %d,gid = %d\n",getuid(),getgid());
for(i=0;i<args;i++)
{
printf("argv[%d]:%s\n",i,argv[i]);
}
}
execve.c文件:
1 //execve程序实例,这里使用execve函数
2 #include <stdio.h>
3 #include <stdlib.h>
4 #include <sys/types.h>
5 #include <unistd.h>
6
7 int main(int args,char *argv[],char **environ)
8 {
9 pid_t pid;
10 int stat_val;
11
12 printf("Exec example!\n");
13 pid = fork();
14
15 switch(pid)
16 {
17 case -1:
18 perror("Process Creation failed!\n");
19 exit(1);
20 case 0:
21 printf("Child process is running\n");
22 printf("My pid = %d,parentId = %d\n",getpid(),getppid());
23 printf("uid = %d,gid = %d\n",getuid(),getgid());
24 execve("processimage",argv,environ);
25 printf("process never go to here!\n");
26 exit(0);
27 default:
28 printf("Parent process is running!\n");
29 break;
30 }
31 wait(&stat_val);
32 exit(0);
33 }
执行结果:
[root@localhost code]# ./execve test evecve
Exec example!
Parent process is running!
Child process is running
My pid = 2819,parentId = 2818
uid = 0,gid = 0
I am a process image!
My pid = 2819,parentId = 2818
uid = 0,gid = 0
argv[0]:./execve
argv[1]:test
argv[2]:evecve
从执行的结果中可以看出,新进程保持了原来进程的ID,父进程ID,实际用户ID,实际组ID。同时我们还可以发现当调用新的程序后,原有的子程序的镜像被替代,不被执行了。