-
code
lib.rs
interrupts.rs
vga_buffer.rs
main.rs
serial.rs -
lib.rs
#![no_std]
#![cfg_attr(test, no_main)]
#![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
#![test_runner(crate::test_runner)]
#![reexport_test_harness_main = "test_main"]
#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
use core::panic::PanicInfo;
pub mod serial;
pub mod vga_buffer;
pub mod interrupts;
pub fn test_runner(tests: &[&dyn Fn()]) {
serial_println!("Running {} tests", tests.len());
for test in tests {
test();
}
exit_qemu(QemuExitCode::Success);
}
pub fn test_panic_handler(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
serial_println!("[failed]\n");
serial_println!("Error: {}\n", info);
exit_qemu(QemuExitCode::Failed);
loop {}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(u32)]
pub enum QemuExitCode {
Success = 0x10,
Failed = 0x11,
}
pub fn exit_qemu(exit_code: QemuExitCode) {
use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
unsafe {
let mut port = Port::new(0xf4);
port.write(exit_code as u32);
}
}
// ----------------------------------------Adding a Test
/// Entry point for `cargo xtest`
#[cfg(test)]
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
init(); // new
test_main();
loop {}
}
#[cfg(test)]
#[panic_handler]
fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
test_panic_handler(info)
}
//---------------------------------------------Running it
pub fn init() {
interrupts::init_idt();
}
- interrupts.rs
在这里插入代//in src/interrupts
use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
use crate::println;
//----------------------------------------Lazy Statics to the Rescue
use lazy_static::lazy_static;
lazy_static! {
static ref IDT: InterruptDescriptorTable = {
let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
idt.breakpoint.set_handler_fn(breakpoint_handler);
idt
};
}
pub fn init_idt() {
IDT.load();
}
extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(
stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame)
{
println!("EXCEPTION: BREAKPOINT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
}
//-----------------------------------------Adding a Test
#[cfg(test)]
use crate::{serial_print, serial_println};
#[test_case]
fn test_breakpoint_exception() {
serial_print!("test_breakpoint_exception...");
//调用断点异常
x86_64::instructions::interrupts::int3();
serial_println!("[ok]");
}码片
- vga_buffer.rs
use core::fmt;
use lazy_static::lazy_static;
use spin::Mutex;
use volatile::Volatile;
#[cfg(test)]
use crate::{serial_print, serial_println};
lazy_static! {
/// A global `Writer` instance that can be used for printing to the VGA text buffer.
///
/// Used by the `print!` and `println!` macros.
pub static ref WRITER: Mutex<Writer> = Mutex::new(Writer {
column_position: 0,
color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black),
buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
});
}
/// The standard color palette in VGA text mode.
#[allow(dead_code)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(u8)]
pub enum Color {
Black = 0,
Blue = 1,
Green = 2,
Cyan = 3,
Red = 4,
Magenta = 5,
Brown = 6,
LightGray = 7,
DarkGray = 8,
LightBlue = 9,
LightGreen = 10,
LightCyan = 11,
LightRed = 12,
Pink = 13,
Yellow = 14,
White = 15,
}
/// A combination of a foreground and a background color.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(transparent)]
struct ColorCode(u8);
impl ColorCode {
/// Create a new `ColorCode` with the given foreground and background colors.
fn new(foreground: Color, background: Color) -> ColorCode {
ColorCode((background as u8) << 4 | (foreground as u8))
}
}
/// A screen character in the VGA text buffer, consisting of an ASCII character and a `ColorCode`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(C)]
struct ScreenChar {
ascii_character: u8,
color_code: ColorCode,
}
/// The height of the text buffer (normally 25 lines).
const BUFFER_HEIGHT: usize = 25;
/// The width of the text buffer (normally 80 columns).
const BUFFER_WIDTH: usize = 80;
/// A structure representing the VGA text buffer.
#[repr(transparent)]
struct Buffer {
chars: [[Volatile<ScreenChar>; BUFFER_WIDTH]; BUFFER_HEIGHT],
}
/// A writer type that allows writing ASCII bytes and strings to an underlying `Buffer`.
///
/// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports newline characters and implements the
/// `core::fmt::Write` trait.
pub struct Writer {
column_position: usize,
color_code: ColorCode,
buffer: &'static mut Buffer,
}
impl Writer {
/// Writes an ASCII byte to the buffer.
///
/// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports the `\n` newline character.
pub fn write_byte(&mut self, byte: u8) {
match byte {
b'\n' => self.new_line(),
byte => {
if self.column_position >= BUFFER_WIDTH {
self.new_line();
}
let row = BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1;
let col = self.column_position;
let color_code = self.color_code;
self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(ScreenChar {
ascii_character: byte,
color_code,
});
self.column_position += 1;
}
}
}
/// Writes the given ASCII string to the buffer.
///
/// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports the `\n` newline character. Does **not**
/// support strings with non-ASCII characters, since they can't be printed in the VGA text
/// mode.
fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
for byte in s.bytes() {
match byte {
// printable ASCII byte or newline
0x20..=0x7e | b'\n' => self.write_byte(byte),
// not part of printable ASCII range
_ => self.write_byte(0xfe),
}
}
}
/// Shifts all lines one line up and clears the last row.
fn new_line(&mut self) {
for row in 1..BUFFER_HEIGHT {
for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
let character = self.buffer.chars[row][col].read();
self.buffer.chars[row - 1][col].write(character);
}
}
self.clear_row(BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1);
self.column_position = 0;
}
/// Clears a row by overwriting it with blank characters.
fn clear_row(&mut self, row: usize) {
let blank = ScreenChar {
ascii_character: b' ',
color_code: self.color_code,
};
for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(blank);
}
}
}
impl fmt::Write for Writer {
fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
self.write_string(s);
Ok(())
}
}
/// Like the `print!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! print {
($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::vga_buffer::_print(format_args!($($arg)*)));
}
/// Like the `println!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! println {
() => ($crate::print!("\n"));
($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
}
/// Prints the given formatted string to the VGA text buffer through the global `WRITER` instance.
#[doc(hidden)]
pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
use core::fmt::Write;
WRITER.lock().write_fmt(args).unwrap();
}
#[test_case]
fn test_println_simple() {
serial_print!("test_println... ");
println!("test_println_simple output");
serial_println!("[ok]");
}
#[test_case]
fn test_println_many() {
serial_print!("test_println_many... ");
for _ in 0..200 {
println!("test_println_many output");
}
serial_println!("[ok]");
}
#[test_case]
fn test_println_output() {
serial_print!("test_println_output... ");
let s = "Some test string that fits on a single line";
println!("{}", s);
for (i, c) in s.chars().enumerate() {
let screen_char = WRITER.lock().buffer.chars[BUFFER_HEIGHT - 2][i].read();
assert_eq!(char::from(screen_char.ascii_character), c);
}
serial_println!("[ok]");
}
- main.rs
#![no_std]
#![no_main]
#![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
#![test_runner(hj_os::test_runner)]
#![reexport_test_harness_main = "test_main"]
use hj_os::println;
use core::panic::PanicInfo;
//---------------------------------Running it
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
println!("Hello World{}", "!");
hj_os::init(); // new
// invoke a breakpoint exception
x86_64::instructions::interrupts::int3(); // new
// as before
#[cfg(test)]
test_main();
println!("It did not crash!");
loop {}
}
/// This function is called on panic.
#[cfg(not(test))]
#[panic_handler]
fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
println!("{}", info);
loop {}
}
#[cfg(test)]
#[panic_handler]
fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
hj_os::test_panic_handler(info)
}
- serial.rs
use lazy_static::lazy_static;
use spin::Mutex;
use uart_16550::SerialPort;
lazy_static! {
pub static ref SERIAL1: Mutex<SerialPort> = {
let mut serial_port = unsafe { SerialPort::new(0x3F8) };
serial_port.init();
Mutex::new(serial_port)
};
}
#[doc(hidden)]
pub fn _print(args: ::core::fmt::Arguments) {
use core::fmt::Write;
SERIAL1
.lock()
.write_fmt(args)
.expect("Printing to serial failed");
}
/// Prints to the host through the serial interface.
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! serial_print {
($($arg:tt)*) => {
$crate::serial::_print(format_args!($($arg)*));
};
}
/// Prints to the host through the serial interface, appending a newline.
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! serial_println {
() => ($crate::serial_print!("\n"));
($fmt:expr) => ($crate::serial_print!(concat!($fmt, "\n")));
($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::serial_print!(
concat!($fmt, "\n"), $($arg)*));
}