pthread_create创建线程后是否需要释放资源

结论

Linux下pthread_create创建线程后，必须手动设定资源释放，不然资源占用达到上限后，后续pthread_create创建线程会失败。（问题容易出现在频繁创建线程的场景中）

pthread_create资源释放的三种方法：

//方法一
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
ret = pthread_create(&pid, &attr, __task, NULL); 

//方法二
pthread_detach(pid);
pthread_detach(pthread_self());

//方法三 阻塞等待线程退出（线程内部必须有退出的变量等标识）
pthread_join(pid, NULL);

pthread_create返回11解决方法
https://blog.csdn.net/cry1994/article/details/52649520

实例：测试线程创建上限、只创建、线程不退出。
结果：创建251个线程后，后面创建会失败，返回值11，errno：12

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>   // for gettimeofday

#define debugMsg(fmt, arg...)\
    do{\
        unsigned long lSec = 0; unsigned long lUSec = 0;\
        getTimeuSec(&lSec, &lUSec);\
        printf("[%ld.%06ld]:", lSec, lUSec);\
        printf(fmt, ##arg);\
    }while(0)

int getTimeuSec(unsigned long *lSec, unsigned long *lUSec)
{
    struct timeval start;
    gettimeofday( &start, NULL );
    *lSec = start.tv_sec;
    *lUSec = start.tv_usec;

    return 0;
}
void * doPrint(void *arg)
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        debugMsg("pthread %lu; main %d\n", pthread_self(), *(int*)arg);
        usleep(1000000);
    }

    return NULL;
}


int test_while(int num)
{     
    pthread_t pid;
    int ret = pthread_create(&pid, NULL, doPrint, &num);
    printf("test_while num:%d, ret:%d errno:%d\n",num,ret,errno);

    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    int i =  0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        test_while(i);
        usleep(10);
    }

    return 0;
}

实例：测试线程创建上限、创建后线程自动退出
结果：创建251个线程后，后面创建会失败，返回值11，errno：12

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>   // for gettimeofday

#define debugMsg(fmt, arg...)\
    do{\
        unsigned long lSec = 0; unsigned long lUSec = 0;\
        getTimeuSec(&lSec, &lUSec);\
        printf("[%ld.%06ld]:", lSec, lUSec);\
        printf(fmt, ##arg);\
    }while(0)

int getTimeuSec(unsigned long *lSec, unsigned long *lUSec)
{
    struct timeval start;
    gettimeofday( &start, NULL );
    *lSec = start.tv_sec;
    *lUSec = start.tv_usec;

    return 0;
}
void * doPrint(void *arg)
{
    int param = *(int*)arg;
    while(1)
    {
        debugMsg("pthread %lu; main %d\n", pthread_self(), param);
        break;
    }
    debugMsg("pthread %lu return.\n", pthread_self());
    return NULL;
}


int test_while(int param)
{     
    pthread_t pid;
    int num = param;
    int ret = pthread_create(&pid, NULL, doPrint, &num);
    printf("test_while num:%d, ret:%d errno:%d\n",num,ret,errno);

    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    int i =  0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        test_while(i);
        usleep(10);
    }

    return 0;
}

实例3：测试线程创建上限、创建后线程自动退出
结果：线程可一直创建成功、线程ID会重复出现

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>   // for gettimeofday

#define debugMsg(fmt, arg...)\
    do{\
        unsigned long lSec = 0; unsigned long lUSec = 0;\
        getTimeuSec(&lSec, &lUSec);\
        printf("[%ld.%06ld]:", lSec, lUSec);\
        printf(fmt, ##arg);\
    }while(0)

int getTimeuSec(unsigned long *lSec, unsigned long *lUSec)
{
    struct timeval start;
    gettimeofday( &start, NULL );
    *lSec = start.tv_sec;
    *lUSec = start.tv_usec;

    return 0;
}
void * doPrint(void *arg)
{
    int param = *(int*)arg;
    while(1)
    {
        debugMsg("pthread %lu; main %d\n", pthread_self(), param);
        break;
    }
    debugMsg("pthread %lu return.\n", pthread_self());
    pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    return NULL;
}


int test_while(int param)
{     
    pthread_t pid;
    int num = param;
    int ret = pthread_create(&pid, NULL, doPrint, &num);
    printf("test_while num:%d, ret:%d errno:%d\n",num,ret,errno);

    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    int i =  0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        test_while(i);
        usleep(10);
    }

    return 0;
}

避免僵尸线程：线程资源的回收与join、detach
https://blog.csdn.net/bobbypollo/article/details/79891451

//方法一
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
ret = pthread_create(&pid, &attr, __task, NULL); 

//方法二
pthread_detach(pid);
pthread_detach(pthread_self());

//方法三 阻塞等待线程退出（线程内部必须有退出的变量等标识）
pthread_join(pid, NULL);

Pthread创建线程后必须使用join或detach释放线程资源
https://blog.csdn.net/github_27263697/article/details/78934061
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6531fb2201013jd5.html

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Pthread使用总结
https://blog.csdn.net/liujiabin076/article/details/53456962

Linux多线程操作pthread_t
https://blog.csdn.net/sevens_0804/article/details/102823184