这篇博客讨论了如何使用树状数组和DFS序来解决苹果树上子树苹果数量的查询与修改问题。题目描述了一个包含N个节点的苹果树，其中节点间通过分支连接，要求帮助Kaka了解子树中的苹果数量。输入包括树的结构信息、操作次数及操作类型，输出是对查询操作的响应。初始时，树上所有节点都有苹果。解决方案涉及记录每个节点在DFS序中的起始和结束位置，以便于快速更新和查询。
| Time Limit: 2000MS | Memory Limit: 65536K | |
| Total Submissions: 32666 | Accepted: 9812 |
Description
There is an apple tree outside of kaka's house. Every autumn, a lot of apples will grow in the tree. Kaka likes apple very much, so he has been carefully nurturing the big apple tree.
The tree has N forks which are connected by branches. Kaka numbers the forks by 1 to N and the root is
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