C++ 重载，隐藏和覆盖透彻理解

重载：

    1：同一作用域，函数名相同，参数不同

    2：同一作用域，函数名相同，参数相同或者不同，函数返回值不同 【不是重载】

    3：同一作用域，函数名相同，参数缺省值不同 【不是重载】

隐藏：

    1：不同作用域，函数名相同

覆盖：

     1：不同作用域，函数名相同，参数也相同，同时父类函数必须有virtual

 

#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
	void f1(int arg) { cout << "Base f1(), int arg" << endl; }
	void f1(char arg) { cout << "Base f1(), char arg" << endl; }          //重载 f1()
	void f1(string arg) { cout << "Base f1(), string arg" << endl; }      //重载 f1()
	virtual void f2(int arg) { cout << "Base f2(), int arg" << endl; }
	virtual void f2(char arg) { cout << "Base f2(), char arg" << endl; }  //重载 f2()
	virtual void f3(int arg) { cout << "Base f3(), int arg" << endl; }
	virtual void f4(int arg) { cout << "Base f4(), int arg" << endl; }
};

class Derived : public Base
{
public:
	void f1(int arg) { cout << "Derived f1(), int arg" << endl; }    //隐藏Base::f1(int arg)
	void f1(char arg) { cout << "Derived f1(), char arg" << endl; }  //重载Derived::f1(), 同时隐藏Base::f1(char arg)
	void f1(float arg) { cout << "Derived f1(), float arg" << endl; }//重载Derived::f1(), 同时隐藏Base::f1(float arg)
	void f2(int arg) { cout << "Derived f2(), int arg" << endl; }    //重写Base::f2(int arg)
	void f2(char arg) { cout << "Derived f2(), char arg" << endl;   }//重载Derived::f2(), 同时重写Base::f2(char arg)
	void f2(float arg) { cout << "Derived f2(), float arg" << endl; }//重载Derived::f2(), 同时重写Base::f2(float arg)
	virtual void f3(int arg) { cout << "Derived f3(), int arg" << endl; }//重写Base::f3()
	void f4(char arg) { cout << "Derived f4(), char arg" << endl; }      //隐藏Base::f4(), 但是不能重写Base::f4()
};

int main(void)
{
	Derived derived;

	Base *pbase = &derived;

	pbase->f1(50); pbase->f1('c'); pbase->f1("hello");  //隐藏测试
	//pbase->f1(3.14f);             //非法调用

	pbase->f2(50); pbase->f2('c');  //重写测试
	//pbase->f2(3.14f);             //非法调用

	pbase->f3(50);                  //重写测试

	pbase->f4(50);                  
	pbase->f4('c');                 
	while (true)
	{
		sleep(5);
	}
}

输出结果如下：

Base f1(), int arg
Base f1(), char arg
Base f1(), string arg
Derived f2(), int arg
Derived f2(), char arg
Derived f3(), int arg
Base f4(), int arg
Base f4(), int arg