一.首先你得创建一个公众号,完成公众号的基本配置
1、服务器地址(URL):必须以http://或https://开头,分别支持80端口和443端口。这个URL是很重要的,需要响应微信发送的token验证
2、令牌(Token):必须为英文或数字,长度为3-32字符。上面说过做验证的
3、消息加解密密钥:可以直接随机生成
4、消息加解密方式:明文、兼容、安全 看业务需求选择:我觉得明文省事点(个人见解)
5、详解微信开发文档:https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Getting_Started/Overview.html
二.微信参数说明
三.获取公众号对应微信用户的openId
四.template_id:模板Id
五.进行开发
1.首先准备好所需的实体类与需要传输的参数
ConstantUtil:存放公众号开发者app_id,公众号开发者密码app_secret,模板messageTemplate,获取token的url.
public class ConstantUtil {
// 公众号开发者APPID
public final static String app_id = "";
//openid
public final static String open_id = "";
// 公众号开发者密码
public final static String app_secret = "";
//获取token的url
public final static String sendtemplateUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
//消息模版信息
public final static String messageTemplate = "";
}
Token
public class Token {
// 接口访问凭证
private String accessToken;
// 凭证有效期,单位:秒
private int expiresIn;
public String getAccessToken() {
return accessToken;
}
public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
this.accessToken = accessToken;
}
public int getExpiresIn() {
return expiresIn;
}
public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) {
this.expiresIn = expiresIn;
}
}
TemplateData
public class TemplateData {
private String value;
private String color;
public TemplateData(String value, String color){
this.value = value;
this.color = color;
}
/**
* @return the value
*/
public String getValue() {
return value;
}
/**
* @param value the value to set
*/
public void setValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
/**
* @return the color
*/
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
/**
* @param color the color to set
*/
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
}
2.开发
填充发送数据
Map<String, TemplateData> param = new HashMap<>();
param.put("first",new TemplateData("您有一条班次信息需要处理,请及时查阅!","#696969"));
param.put("keyword1",new TemplateData("班级创建审核","#696969"));
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
String dateString = formatter.format(new Date());
param.put("keyword2",new TemplateData(dateString,"#696969"));
param.put("remark",new TemplateData("如果您已经处理,请忽略此消息","#696969"));
List<String> openIdList = new ArrayList<String>();
String openId = ConstantUtil.open_id;
openIdList.add(openId);
jwBjSendWxinfoService.senTempMsg(openIdList,ConstantUtil.messageTemplate,param);
senTempMsg
/**
* 发送微信
* @param openIdList
* @param templatId
* @param param
* @return
*/
public String senTempMsg(List<String> openIdList, String templatId, Map<String, TemplateData> param){
String strRet = "0";
if(null != openIdList && openIdList.size() >0 ){
String access_token = CommonUtil.getToken(ConstantUtil.app_id, ConstantUtil.app_secret).getAccessToken();
for(int i = 0;i< openIdList.size();i++){
String openId = openIdList.get(i);
// 绑定了微信并且关注了服务号的用户 , 注册成功-推送注册短信
JSON.toJSONString(param);
com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject jsonObject = com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject.parseObject(JSON.toJSONString(param));
//调用发送微信消息给用户的接口 利用现有模版 WX_TemplateMsgUtil.sendWechatMsgToUser(access_token,openId,templatId, "", "#000000", jsonObject);
WX_TemplateMsgUtil.sendWechatMsgToUser(access_token,openId,templatId, "", "#000000", jsonObject);
}
}else{
strRet = "1";
}
return strRet;
}
CommonUtil:获取token
注意:获取token需要在公众号设置白名单,不然请求会失败
public class CommonUtil {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommonUtil.class);
/**
* 发送https请求
*
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST)
* @param outputStr 提交的数据
* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
*/
public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
// 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式(GET/POST)
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
// 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
// 注意编码格式
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 从输入流读取返回内容
InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
// 释放资源
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
conn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
log.error("连接超时:{}", ce);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("https请求异常:{}", e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
/**
* 获取接口访问凭证
*
* @param appid 凭证
* @param appsecret 密钥
* @return
*/
public static Token getToken(String appid, String appsecret) {
Token token = null;
String requestUrl = ConstantUtil.token_url.replace("APPID", appid).replace("APPSECRET", appsecret);
// 发起GET请求获取凭证
JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
token = new Token();
token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
token.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in"));
} catch (JSONException e) {
token = null;
// 获取token失败
log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return token;
}
/**
* URL编码(utf-8)
*
* @param source
* @return
*/
public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) {
String result = source;
try {
result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
WX_TemplateMsgUtil:发送消息
public class WX_TemplateMsgUtil {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_TemplateMsgUtil.class);
/**
* 发送微信消息(模板消息)
* @param touser 用户 OpenID
* @param templatId 模板消息ID
* @param clickurl URL置空,则在发送后,点击模板消息会进入一个空白页面(ios),或无法点击(android)。
* @param topcolor 标题颜色
* @param data 详细内容
* @return 返回成功success
*/
public static String sendWechatMsgToUser(String access_token,String touser, String templatId, String clickurl, String topcolor, JSONObject data) {
String tmpurl = ConstantUtil.sendtemplateUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN",access_token);
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("touser", touser);
json.put("template_id", templatId);
json.put("url", clickurl);
json.put("topcolor", topcolor);
json.put("data", data);
try{
JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());
JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
log.info("发送微信消息返回信息:" + resultJson.get("errcode"));
String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");
if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){ //如果为errmsg为ok,则代表发送成功,公众号推送信息给用户了。
return "error";
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
return "error";
}finally {
if(templatId!=null) {
//删除新增的 微信模板
// deleteWXTemplateMsgById(templatId);
}
}
return "success";
}
}