Multimedia Standards Introduction——标准发布之ISO MPEGx

MPEG standards(Moving Picture Experts Group)

The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is a working group of experts that was formed by ISO and IEC to set standards for audioand video compression and transmission.[1] It was established in 1988 by the initiative of Hiroshi Yasuda (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone) and Leonardo Chiariglione,[2] group Chair since its inception. The first MPEG meeting was in May 1988 in Ottawa, Canada.[3][4][5] As of late 2005, MPEG has grown to include approximately 350 members per meeting from various industries, universities, and research institutions. MPEG's official designation is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 WG11 – Coding of moving pictures and audio(ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29, Working Group 11).[6][7][8][9]

可以看到，MPEG组织是 ISO下辖的第1联合技术委员会下面的第29子委会，第11号工作组。

Standards

The MPEG standards consist of different  Parts. Each  part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification. [14] The standards also specify  Profiles and  Levels.  Profiles are intended to define a set of tools that are available, and  Levels define the range of appropriate values for the properties associated with them. [15] Some of the approved MPEG standards were revised by later amendments and/or new editions. MPEG has standardized the following compression formats and ancillary standards:

• MPEG-1 (1993):  Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s (ISO/IEC 11172). The first MPEG compression standard for audio and  video. It is commonly limited to about 1.5 Mbit/s although the specification is capable of much higher bit rates. It was basically designed to allow moving pictures and sound to be encoded into the  bitrate of a  Compact Disc. It is used on  Video CD and can be used for low-quality video on DVD Video. It was used in digital satellite/cable TV services before MPEG-2 became widespread. To meet the low bit requirement, MPEG-1  downsamples the images, as well as uses picture rates of only 24–30 Hz, resulting in a moderate quality. [16] It includes the popular MPEG-1 Audio Layer III ( MP3) audio compression format.

• MPEG-2 (1995):  Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information (ISO/IEC 13818). Transport, video and audio standards for broadcast-quality television. MPEG-2 standard was considerably broader in scope and of wider appeal – supporting  interlacing and  high definition. MPEG-2 is considered important because it has been chosen as the compression scheme for over-the-air  digital television  ATSC,  DVB and  ISDB, digital satellite TV services like  Dish Network, digital  cable television signals, SVCD and  DVD Video. [16] It is also used on  Blu-ray Discs, but these normally use MPEG-4 Part 10 or SMPTE  VC-1 for high-definition content.

• MPEG-3: MPEG-3 dealt with standardizing scalable and multi-resolution compression [16] and was intended for HDTV compression but was found to be redundant and was merged with MPEG-2, as a result there is no MPEG-3 standard. [16] [17] MPEG-3 is not to be confused with  MP3, which is MPEG-1 Audio Layer III

• MPEG-4 (1998):  Coding of audio-visual objects. (ISO/IEC 14496) MPEG-4 uses further coding tools with additional complexity to achieve higher compression factors than MPEG-2. [18] In addition to more efficient coding of video, MPEG-4 moves closer to computer graphics applications. In more complex profiles, the MPEG-4 decoder effectively becomes a rendering processor and the compressed bitstream describes three-dimensional shapes and surface texture. [18] MPEG-4 supports Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP), which provides the facility to use proprietary technologies to manage and protect content like  digital rights management. [19] It also supports MPEG-J, a fully programmatic solution for creation of custom interactive multimedia applications ( Java application environment with a  Java API) and many other features. [20] [21] [22] Several new higher-efficiency video standards (newer than MPEG-2 Video) are included, notably:• MPEG-4 Part 2 (or Simple and Advanced Simple Profile) and
• MPEG-4 AVC  (or MPEG-4 Part 10 or  H.264 ). MPEG-4 AVC may be used on  HD DVD  and  Blu-ray Discs , along with  VC-1  and MPEG-2.

MPEG-4 has been chosen as the compression scheme for over-the-air in Brazil (ISDB-TB), based on original digital television from Japan (ISDB-T). [23]
In addition, the following standards, while not sequential advances to the video encoding standard as with MPEG-1 through MPEG-4, are referred to by similar notation:
• MPEG-7 (2002):  Multimedia content description interface. (ISO/IEC 15938)
• MPEG-21 (2001):  Multimedia framework (MPEG-21). (ISO/IEC 21000) MPEG describes this standard as a  multimedia framework and provides for intellectual property management and protection.
Moreover, more recently than other standards above, MPEG has started following international standards; each of the standards holds multiple MPEG technologies for a way of application. [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] (For example, MPEG-A includes a number of technologies on multimedia application format.)
• MPEG-A (2007):  Multimedia application format (MPEG-A). (ISO/IEC 23000) (e.g., Purpose for multimedia application formats, [29] MPEG music player application format, MPEG photo player application format and others)
• MPEG-B (2006):  MPEG systems technologies. (ISO/IEC 23001) (e.g.,  Binary MPEG format for XML, [30] Fragment Request Units, Bitstream Syntax Description Language (BSDL) and others)
• MPEG-C (2006):  MPEG video technologies. (ISO/IEC 23002) (e.g., Accuracy requirements for implementation of integer-output 8x8 inverse discrete cosine transform [31] and others)
• MPEG-D (2007):  MPEG audio technologies. (ISO/IEC 23003) (e.g.,  MPEG Surround, [32] SAOC-Spatial Audio Object Coding and USAC- Unified Speech and Audio Coding)
• MPEG-E (2007):  Multimedia Middleware. (ISO/IEC 23004) (a.k.a. M3W) (e.g., Architecture, [33] Multimedia application programming interface (API), Component model and others)
• Supplemental media technologies (2008). (ISO/IEC 29116) Part 1: Media streaming application format protocols will be revised in MPEG-M; Part 4 – MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols. [34]
• MPEG-V (2011):  Media context and control. (ISO/IEC 23005) (a.k.a. Information exchange with Virtual Worlds) [35] [36] (e.g., Avatar characteristics, Sensor information, Architecture [37] [38] and others)
• MPEG-M (2010):  MPEG eXtensible Middleware (MXM). (ISO/IEC 23006) [39] [40] [41] (e.g., MXM architecture and technologies, [42] API, MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols [43])
• MPEG-U (2010):  Rich media user interfaces. (ISO/IEC 23007) [44] [45] (e.g., Widgets)
• MPEG-H (2013):  High Efficiency Coding and Media Delivery in Heterogeneous Environments. (ISO/IEC 23008) Part 1 –  MPEG media transport; Part 2 –  High Efficiency Video Coding; Part 3 – 3D Audio.
• MPEG-DASH (2012):  Information technology – Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH). (ISO/IEC 23009) Part 1 – Media presentation description and segment formats

Acronym for a group of standards	Title	ISO/IEC standards	First public release date (First edition)	Description
MPEG-1	Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media. Commonly limited to about 1.5 Mbit/s although specification is capable of much higher bit rates	ISO/IEC 11172	1993
MPEG-2	Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information	ISO/IEC 13818	1995
MPEG-3				abandoned, incorporated into MPEG-2
MPEG-4	Coding of audio-visual objects	ISO/IEC 14496	1999
MPEG-7	Multimedia content description interface	ISO/IEC 15938	2002
MPEG-21	Multimedia framework (MPEG-21)	ISO/IEC 21000	2001
MPEG-A	Multimedia application format (MPEG-A)	ISO/IEC 23000	2007
MPEG-B	MPEG systems technologies	ISO/IEC 23001	2006
MPEG-C	MPEG video technologies	ISO/IEC 23002	2006
MPEG-D	MPEG audio technologies	ISO/IEC 23003	2007
MPEG-E	Multimedia Middleware	ISO/IEC 23004	2007
(none)	Supplemental media technologies	ISO/IEC 29116	2008	will be revised in MPEG-M Part 4 – MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols
MPEG-V	Media context and control	ISO/IEC 23005[37]	2011
MPEG-M	MPEG extensible middleware (MXM)	ISO/IEC 23006[42]	2010
MPEG-U	Rich media user interfaces	ISO/IEC 23007[44]	2010
MPEG-H	High Efficiency Coding and Media Delivery in Heterogeneous Environments	(planned ISO/IEC 23008)	Under development
MPEG-DASH	Information technology – DASH	ISO/IEC 23009	2012

MPEG Format is used on several media. 

External Link: http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/

Diagrams show the different between two standards

ITU

ITU
Standards Name	Approval/Complete Year	Remarks
H.261	1988	First video codec that was useful in practical terms. And H.261 was the first standard in which the macroblock concept appeared. It's a huge success for H.261 so later standards are all based on the main frame of H.261.
H.262	1994	First digital video compression and encoding standard developed and maintained jointly by ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). It is the second part of the ISO/IEC MPEG-2 standard.
H.263	1996	H.263 is widely used on the Internet and thanks to the 3GPP H.263 became a required video codec in ETSI 3GPP technical specifications
H.263+	1998	A.K.A H.263v2, It enhanced H.263 capabilities by adding several annexes which can substantially improve encoding efficiency and provide other capabilities (such as enhanced robustness against data loss in the transmission channel)
H.264	2003	H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is a block-oriented motion-compensation-based codec standard developed by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) together with the ISO/IEC JTC1Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). It's the most commonly used format for recording/compression/distribution of high definition video.

MPEG

Acronym for a group of standards	Title	ISO/IEC standards	First public release date (First edition)	Description
MPEG-1	Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media. Commonly limited to about 1.5 Mbit/s although specification is capable of much higher bit rates	ISO/IEC 11172	1993
MPEG-2	Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information	ISO/IEC 13818	1995
MPEG-3				abandoned, incorporated into MPEG-2
MPEG-4	Coding of audio-visual objects	ISO/IEC 14496	1999
MPEG-7	Multimedia content description interface	ISO/IEC 15938	2002
MPEG-21	Multimedia framework (MPEG-21)	ISO/IEC 21000	2001