[Android开发3] 标志位（不止是bi_rw）实现原理 - 位运算

/*以下两段代码均来自 linux kernel 3.4 */
/*
 * Block data types and constants.  Directly include this file only to
 * break include dependency loop.
 */
#ifndef __LINUX_BLK_TYPES_H
#define __LINUX_BLK_TYPES_H

#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK

#include <linux/types.h>

struct bio_set;
struct bio;
struct bio_integrity_payload;
struct page;
struct block_device;
typedef void (bio_end_io_t) (struct bio *, int);
typedef void (bio_destructor_t) (struct bio *);

/*
 * was unsigned short, but we might as well be ready for > 64kB I/O pages
 */
struct bio_vec {
	struct page	*bv_page;
	unsigned int	bv_len;
	unsigned int	bv_offset;
};

/*
 * main unit of I/O for the block layer and lower layers (ie drivers and
 * stacking drivers)
 */
struct bio {
	sector_t		bi_sector;	/* device address in 512 byte
						   sectors */
	struct bio		*bi_next;	/* request queue link */
	struct block_device	*bi_bdev;
	unsigned long		bi_flags;	/* status, command, etc */
	unsigned long		bi_rw;		/* bottom bits READ/WRITE,
						 * top bits priority
						 */

	unsigned short		bi_vcnt;	/* how many bio_vec's */
	unsigned short		bi_idx;		/* current index into bvl_vec */

	/* Number of segments in this BIO after
	 * physical address coalescing is performed.
	 */
	unsigned int		bi_phys_segments;

	unsigned int		bi_size;	/* residual I/O count */

	/*
	 * To keep track of the max segment size, we account for the
	 * sizes of the first and last mergeable segments in this bio.
	 */
	unsigned int		bi_seg_front_size;
	unsigned int		bi_seg_back_size;

	unsigned int		bi_max_vecs;	/* max bvl_vecs we can hold */

	atomic_t		bi_cnt;		/* pin count */

	struct bio_vec		*bi_io_vec;	/* the actual vec list */

	bio_end_io_t		*bi_end_io;

	void			*bi_private;
#if defined(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY)
	struct bio_integrity_payload *bi_integrity;  /* data integrity */
#endif

	bio_destructor_t	*bi_destructor;	/* destructor */

	/*
	 * We can inline a number of vecs at the end of the bio, to avoid
	 * double allocations for a small number of bio_vecs. This member
	 * MUST obviously be kept at the very end of the bio.
	 */
	struct bio_vec		bi_inline_vecs[0];
};

/*
 * bio flags
 */
#define BIO_UPTODATE	0	/* ok after I/O completion */
#define BIO_RW_BLOCK	1	/* RW_AHEAD set, and read/write would block */
#define BIO_EOF		2	/* out-out-bounds error */
#define BIO_SEG_VALID	3	/* bi_phys_segments valid */
#define BIO_CLONED	4	/* doesn't own data */
#define BIO_BOUNCED	5	/* bio is a bounce bio */
#define BIO_USER_MAPPED 6	/* contains user pages */
#define BIO_EOPNOTSUPP	7	/* not supported */
#define BIO_NULL_MAPPED 8	/* contains invalid user pages */
#define BIO_FS_INTEGRITY 9	/* fs owns integrity data, not block layer */
#define BIO_QUIET	10	/* Make BIO Quiet */
#define BIO_MAPPED_INTEGRITY 11/* integrity metadata has been remapped */
#define bio_flagged(bio, flag)	((bio)->bi_flags & (1 << (flag)))

/*
 * top 4 bits of bio flags indicate the pool this bio came from
 */
#define BIO_POOL_BITS		(4)
#define BIO_POOL_NONE		((1UL << BIO_POOL_BITS) - 1)
#define BIO_POOL_OFFSET		(BITS_PER_LONG - BIO_POOL_BITS)
#define BIO_POOL_MASK		(1UL << BIO_POOL_OFFSET)
#define BIO_POOL_IDX(bio)	((bio)->bi_flags >> BIO_POOL_OFFSET)

#endif /* CONFIG_BLOCK */

/*
 * Request flags.  For use in the cmd_flags field of struct request, and in
 * bi_rw of struct bio.  Note that some flags are only valid in either one.
 */
enum rq_flag_bits {
	/* common flags */
	__REQ_WRITE,		/* not set, read. set, write */
	__REQ_FAILFAST_DEV,	/* no driver retries of device errors */
	__REQ_FAILFAST_TRANSPORT, /* no driver retries of transport errors */
	__REQ_FAILFAST_DRIVER,	/* no driver retries of driver errors */

	__REQ_SYNC,		/* request is sync (sync write or read) */
	__REQ_META,		/* metadata io request */
	__REQ_PRIO,		/* boost priority in cfq */
	__REQ_DISCARD,		/* request to discard sectors */
	__REQ_SECURE,		/* secure discard (used with __REQ_DISCARD) */

	__REQ_NOIDLE,		/* don't anticipate more IO after this one */
	__REQ_FUA,		/* forced unit access */
	__REQ_FLUSH,		/* request for cache flush */

	/* bio only flags */
	__REQ_RAHEAD,		/* read ahead, can fail anytime */
	__REQ_THROTTLED,	/* This bio has already been subjected to
				 * throttling rules. Don't do it again. */

	/* request only flags */
	__REQ_SORTED,		/* elevator knows about this request */
	__REQ_SOFTBARRIER,	/* may not be passed by ioscheduler */
	__REQ_NOMERGE,		/* don't touch this for merging */
	__REQ_STARTED,		/* drive already may have started this one */
	__REQ_DONTPREP,		/* don't call prep for this one */
	__REQ_QUEUED,		/* uses queueing */
	__REQ_ELVPRIV,		/* elevator private data attached */
	__REQ_FAILED,		/* set if the request failed */
	__REQ_QUIET,		/* don't worry about errors */
	__REQ_PREEMPT,		/* set for "ide_preempt" requests */
	__REQ_ALLOCED,		/* request came from our alloc pool */
	__REQ_COPY_USER,	/* contains copies of user pages */
	__REQ_FLUSH_SEQ,	/* request for flush sequence */
	__REQ_IO_STAT,		/* account I/O stat */
	__REQ_MIXED_MERGE,	/* merge of different types, fail separately */
	__REQ_NR_BITS,		/* stops here */
};

#define REQ_WRITE		(1 << __REQ_WRITE)
#define REQ_FAILFAST_DEV	(1 << __REQ_FAILFAST_DEV)
#define REQ_FAILFAST_TRANSPORT	(1 << __REQ_FAILFAST_TRANSPORT)
#define REQ_FAILFAST_DRIVER	(1 << __REQ_FAILFAST_DRIVER)
#define REQ_SYNC		(1 << __REQ_SYNC)
#define REQ_META		(1 << __REQ_META)
#define REQ_PRIO		(1 << __REQ_PRIO)
#define REQ_DISCARD		(1 << __REQ_DISCARD)
#define REQ_NOIDLE		(1 << __REQ_NOIDLE)

#define REQ_FAILFAST_MASK \
	(REQ_FAILFAST_DEV | REQ_FAILFAST_TRANSPORT | REQ_FAILFAST_DRIVER)
#define REQ_COMMON_MASK \
	(REQ_WRITE | REQ_FAILFAST_MASK | REQ_SYNC | REQ_META | REQ_PRIO | \
	 REQ_DISCARD | REQ_NOIDLE | REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA | REQ_SECURE)
#define REQ_CLONE_MASK		REQ_COMMON_MASK

#define REQ_RAHEAD		(1 << __REQ_RAHEAD)
#define REQ_THROTTLED		(1 << __REQ_THROTTLED)

#define REQ_SORTED		(1 << __REQ_SORTED)
#define REQ_SOFTBARRIER		(1 << __REQ_SOFTBARRIER)
#define REQ_FUA			(1 << __REQ_FUA)
#define REQ_NOMERGE		(1 << __REQ_NOMERGE)
#define REQ_STARTED		(1 << __REQ_STARTED)
#define REQ_DONTPREP		(1 << __REQ_DONTPREP)
#define REQ_QUEUED		(1 << __REQ_QUEUED)
#define REQ_ELVPRIV		(1 << __REQ_ELVPRIV)
#define REQ_FAILED		(1 << __REQ_FAILED)
#define REQ_QUIET		(1 << __REQ_QUIET)
#define REQ_PREEMPT		(1 << __REQ_PREEMPT)
#define REQ_ALLOCED		(1 << __REQ_ALLOCED)
#define REQ_COPY_USER		(1 << __REQ_COPY_USER)
#define REQ_FLUSH		(1 << __REQ_FLUSH)
#define REQ_FLUSH_SEQ		(1 << __REQ_FLUSH_SEQ)
#define REQ_IO_STAT		(1 << __REQ_IO_STAT)
#define REQ_MIXED_MERGE		(1 << __REQ_MIXED_MERGE)
#define REQ_SECURE		(1 << __REQ_SECURE)

#endif /* __LINUX_BLK_TYPES_H */

==============================================================

上面的是linux kernel中的Blk_types.h

前半部分是bio结构体的声明，后半部分则是一些标志位的宏定义。我关注于后半部分这些宏定义以及其他代码中对这些标志的使用。

需要注意的：

1. enum 枚举类型，其中定义的内容不像结构体的使用方式。

/**
 * submit_bio - submit a bio to the block device layer for I/O
 * @rw: whether to %READ or %WRITE, or maybe to %READA (read ahead)
 * @bio: The &struct bio which describes the I/O
 *
 * submit_bio() is very similar in purpose to generic_make_request(), and
 * uses that function to do most of the work. Both are fairly rough
 * interfaces; @bio must be presetup and ready for I/O.
 *
 */
void submit_bio(int rw, struct bio *bio)
{
	int count = bio_sectors(bio);

	bio->bi_rw |= rw;

	/*
	 * If it's a regular read/write or a barrier with data attached,
	 * go through the normal accounting stuff before submission.
	 */
	if (bio_has_data(bio) && !(rw & REQ_DISCARD)) {
		if (rw & WRITE) {
			count_vm_events(PGPGOUT, count);
		} else {
			task_io_account_read(bio->bi_size);
			count_vm_events(PGPGIN, count);
		}

		if (unlikely(block_dump)) {
			char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
			printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s(%d): %s block %Lu on %s (%u sectors)\n",
			current->comm, task_pid_nr(current),
				(rw & WRITE) ? "WRITE" : "READ",
				(unsigned long long)bio->bi_sector,
				bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b),
				count);
		}
	}

	generic_make_request(bio);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(submit_bio);

/**
 * bio_endio - end I/O on a bio
 * @bio:	bio
 * @error:	error, if any
 *
 * Description:
 *   bio_endio() will end I/O on the whole bio. bio_endio() is the
 *   preferred way to end I/O on a bio, it takes care of clearing
 *   BIO_UPTODATE on error. @error is 0 on success, and and one of the
 *   established -Exxxx (-EIO, for instance) error values in case
 *   something went wrong. No one should call bi_end_io() directly on a
 *   bio unless they own it and thus know that it has an end_io
 *   function.
 **/
void bio_endio(struct bio *bio, int error)
{
	if (error)
		clear_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
	else if (!test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags))
		error = -EIO;

	if (bio->bi_end_io)
		bio->bi_end_io(bio, error);
}

static inline int constant_test_bit(int nr, const void *addr)
{
	const u32 *p = (const u32 *)addr;
	return ((1UL << (nr & 31)) & (p[nr >> 5])) != 0;
}
static inline int variable_test_bit(int nr, const void *addr)
{
	u8 v;
	const u32 *p = (const u32 *)addr;

	asm("btl %2,%1; setc %0" : "=qm" (v) : "m" (*p), "Ir" (nr));
	return v;
}

#define test_bit(nr,addr) \
(__builtin_constant_p(nr) ? \
 constant_test_bit((nr),(addr)) : \
 variable_test_bit((nr),(addr)))