达梦数据库系列—13. 数据库的备份和还原

范德彪的蕉

已于 2024-06-30 19:46:47 修改

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分类专栏：达梦文章标签：数据库 oracle sql

于 2024-06-25 20:06:48 首次发布

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1、配置归档

1.1联机配置归档

修改数据库为MOUNT状态，并开启归档模式

ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;

ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

配置本地归档

ALTER DATABASE ADD ARCHIVELOG 'DEST = /dmdata/dameng/arch_dsc0, TYPE = local, FILE_SIZE = 1024,SPACE_LIMIT = 2048,ARCH_FLUSH_BUF_SIZE=16,HANG_FLAG=1';

修改数据库为OPEN状态

ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

手动配置归档

手动编辑 dmarch.ini 文件

dmarch.ini 文件内容如下：

[ARCHIVE_LOCAL1]

ARCH_TYPE = LOCAL

ARCH_DEST = d:\dm_arch\arch

ARCH_FILE_SIZE = 1024

ARCH_SPACE_LIMIT = 2048

编辑 dm.ini 文件，设置参数 ARCH_INI=1，保存；
重启数据库实例，数据库已运行于归档模式。

2、联机数据库备份

完全备份

BACKUP DATABASE FULL BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/db_full_bak_01';

参数 FULL 可以省略

BACKUP DATABASE BACKUPSET 'db_bak_01';

备份路径为参数BAK_PATH的路径

BACKUP DATABASE BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/db_bak_3_01';

指定备份集路径为/dm/backup/db_bak_3_01

BACKUP DATABASE TO WEEKLY_FULL_BAK BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/db_bak_3_02';

指定备份名为WEEKLY_FULL_BAK

如果不设置备份名，系统会默认创建一个备份名：DB_库名_备份类型_备份时间

增量备份

BACKUP DATABASE INCREMENT WITH BACKUPDIR '/dm/backup' BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/db_increment_bak_02';

INCREMENT 参数不可省略，指定备份类型为增量备份。累积增量备份，还需要指定 CUMULATIVE 参数，否则缺省为差异增量备份。WITH BACKUPDIR 参数用来指定基备份集的搜索目录。

backup database increment BASE ON BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01' to ONLINEBAKINCR_01 backupset '/dm/backup/dm_bak/ONLINEBAK_01' ;

3、联机备份管理

DM 没有提供自动删除过期备份的功能，删除备份需要手动执行。

添加备份目录

向 DISK 中添加备份目录/dm/backup

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK','/dm/backup');

查看备份集信息，需要先添加备份目录，V$BACKUPSET_SEARCH_DIRS有目录信息，当前会话执行查询。

删除备份目录

删除指定备份目录（只删除视图V$BACKUPSET_SEARCH_DIRS记录，不删除文件）

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_REMOVE('DISK','/dm/backup');

清理全部备份目录，默认备份目录除外（只删除视图V$BACKUPSET_SEARCH_DIRS记录，不删除文件）

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_REMOVE_ALL();

校验 DISK 中的备份目录/dm/backup/db_bak_for_check 是否合法

SELECT SF_BAKSET_CHECK('DISK','/dm/backup/db_bak_for_check');

删除指定设备类型和指定目录的备份集（删除整个目录，删除文件）

SELECT SF_BAKSET_REMOVE('DISK','/dm/backup/db_full_bak_01',1);

删除满足指定条件的所有备份集

需要先使用 SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD 添加将要删除的备份集目录，否则只删除数据库的默认备份目录下的备份集。

SF_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH (device_type varchar,end_time datetime,range int,obj_name varchar(257))

device_type：设备类型，DISK 或 TAPE。若指定为 NULL，则忽略存储设备的区分。

end_time：删除备份集生成的结束时间，仅删除 end_time 之前的备份集，必须指定。

range：指定删除备份的级别。1 代表库级，2 代表表空间级，3 代表表级，4 代表归档备份。若指定为 NULL，则忽略备份集备份级别的区分。

obj_name：待删除备份集中备份对象的名称，若指定为 NULL，则忽略备份集中备份对象名称区分。

SELECT SF_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH ('DISK', now(), NULL, NULL);

删除满足指定条件的所有库级备份集

SELECT SF_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH_S ('DISK', now(), NULL, NULL);

删除满足指定条件的所有库级备份集，保留备份时间最新的 n 个库级完全备份集

SELECT SF_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH_N ('DISK', now(), NULL, NULL, 2);

删除指定时间之前的数据库备份集

CALL SP_DB_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH('DISK', NOW());

删除指定表空间对象及指定时间之前的表空间备份集

CALL SP_TS_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH('DISK',NOW(),'MAIN');

删除指定表对象及指定时间之前的表备份集

CALL SP_TAB_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH('DISK',NOW(),'SYSDBA','TAB_FOR_BATCH_DEL');

删除指定时间之前的归档备份集

CALL SP_ARCH_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH('DISK', NOW());

BACKUP ARCHIVELOG BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/arch_bak_for_batch_del';

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK','/dm/backup');

CALL SP_ARCH_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH('DISK', NOW());

备份信息查看

V$BACKUPSET

显示备份集的基本信息。

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK', '/dm/backup');

SELECT DEVICE_TYPE,BACKUP_PATH, TYPE, RANGE# FROM V$BACKUPSET;

V$BACKUPSET_DBINFO

显示备份集的数据库相关信息

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK', '/dm/backup');

SELECT BACKUP_PATH, PAGE_SIZE, EXTENT_SIZE, CASE_SENSITIVE FROM V$BACKUPSET_DBINFO WHERE BACKUP_PATH='/dm/backup/tab_bak_01';

V$BACKUPSET_DBF

显示备份集中数据文件的相关信息，表备份时无效

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK', '/dm/backup');

SELECT FILE_SEQ, TS_ID, FILE_ID, TS_NAME, FILE_NAME FROM V$BACKUPSET_DBF WHERE BACKUPPATH ='/dm/backup/ts_bak_for_dbf';

V$BACKUPSET_ARCH

显示备份集中归档文件的信息，且仅归档备份才会有数据。

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK', '/dm/backup');

SELECT BACKUPPATH, FILE_SEQ, BEGIN_LSN, END_LSN FROM V$BACKUPSET_ARCH

WHERE BACKUPPATH='/dm/backup/db_bak_for_arch';

V$BACKUPSET_BKP

显示备份集的备份片信息。

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK', '/dm/backup');

SELECT BACKUPPATH, BKP_NTH, FILE_NAME, BKP_LEN FROM V$BACKUPSET_BKP WHERE

BACKUPPATH='/dm/backup/db_bak_for_bkp';

V$BACKUPSET_SEARCH_DIRS

显示动态视图备份集搜索目录。BAK_PATH、SYSTEM_PATH和添加的备份目录

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_REMOVE_ALL();

SELECT * FROM V$BACKUPSET_SEARCH_DIRS;

V$BACKUPSET_TABLE

显示表备份集中备份表信息，仅表备份有效。

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK', '/dm/backup');

SELECT BACKUPNAME, TABLENAME FROM V$BACKUPSET_TABLE WHERE BACKUPPATH='/dm/backup/tab_bak_for_info';

V$BACKUPSET_SUBS

并行备份中生成的子备份集信息。

BACKUP DATABASE BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/db_bak_for_subs' PARALLEL 3;

SELECT SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD('DISK', '/dm/backup');

SELECT BACKUPPATH, BKP_NUM, DBF_NUM FROM V$BACKUPSET_SUBS;

监控备份

V$BACKUP_MONITOR

当前备份任务实时监控信息。

BACKUP DATABASE BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/db_bak_for_monitor';

SELECT TOTAL_SIZE, PCNT, CUR_READ, CUR_WRITE FROM V$BACKUP_MONITOR;

V$BACKUP_FILES

当前备份任务待备份数据文件列表。

V$BACKUP_HISTORY

最近 100 条备份监控信息。

SELECT READ_SIZE, WRITE_SIZE, AVG_READ, AVG_WRITE FROM V$BACKUP_HISTORY;

4、脱机DMRMAN备份数据库

dmrman的配置

显示 DMRMAN 配置项的当前值

RMAN>CONFIGURE;

配置存储介质类型：DISK 或 TAPE

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TAPE PARMS 'command';

配置跟踪日志文件

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT TRACE FILE '/dm/backup/dm_bak/trace.log' TRACE LEVEL 2;

配置备份集搜索目录

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT BACKUPDIR;

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT BACKUPDIR '/dm/backup/dm_bak';

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT BACKUPDIR ADD '/home/dm_bak3';

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT BACKUPDIR DELETE '/home/dm_bak3';

配置归档日志搜索目录

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT ARCHIVEDIR;

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT ARCHIVEDIR '/dm/backup/dm_arch1';

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT ARCHIVEDIR ADD '/home/dm_arch3';

RMAN>CONFIGURE DEFAULT ARCHIVEDIR DELETE '/home/dm_arch3';

完全备份

RMAN>BACKUP DATABASE '/dm/data/DMDB/dm.ini' FULL BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01';

增量备份

RMAN>BACKUP DATABASE '/dm/data/DMDB/dm.ini' INCREMENT WITH BACKUPDIR '/dm/backup/dm_bak' BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_increment_bak_02';

归档备份

RMAN>BACKUP ARCHIVE LOG ALL DATABASE '/opt/dmdbms/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' BACKUPSET '/home/dm_bak/arch_all_bak_01';

RMAN>BACKUP ARCHIVE LOG LSN BETWEEN 50000 AND 120000 DATABASE '/dm/data/DMDB/dm.ini' BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/arch_lsn_bak_02';

5、脱机备份管理

备份集查看

RMAN> show backupset '/dm/backup/dm_bak';

RMAN> SHOW BACKUPSETS WITH BACKUPDIR '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01';

查看指定目录下所有备份集信息。

RMAN>SHOW BACKUPSETS WITH BACKUPDIR '/dm/backup/dm_bak' USE DB_MAGIC 511306610;

查看部分备份集信息,DB、META、FILE、TABLESPACE、TABLE

RMAN> show backupset '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01' info meta

备份集校验

RMAN>CHECK BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01';

备份集删除

RMAN>REMOVE BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01';

RMAN>REMOVE BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01' DATABASE '/dm/data/DMDB/dm.ini';

删除备份目录下的某一个数据库备份集

RMAN>REMOVE BACKUPSETS WITH BACKUPDIR '/dm/backup/dm_bak';

RMAN>REMOVE BACKUPSETS WITH BACKUPDIR '/dm/backup/dm_bak' UNTIL TIME '2024-06-25 13:38:00';

会删除整个目录

6、还原数据库

表还原只能联机进行，数据库和表空间的还原只能脱机dmrman下进行。

备份数据库

SQL>BACKUP DATABASE BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

准备目标库

dminit path=/dm/data db_name=DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE auto_overwrite=1

校验备份

RMAN>CHECK BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

还原数据库

RMAN>RESTORE DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

也可指定 REUSE DMINI 子句进行数据库还原，此时会将备份集中备份的 dm.ini 中除路径相关的 INI 参数外，均拷贝到当前 dm.ini 上。如下所示：

RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE '/opt/dmdbms/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' REUSE DMINI FROM BACKUPSET '/home/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

RMAN> CHECK BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

CHECK BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:00][Remaining:00:00:00]                                 

check backupset successfully.

time used: 184.800(ms)

RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

RESTORE DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

file dm.key not found, use default license!

Normal of FAST

Normal of DEFAULT

Normal of RECYCLE

Normal of KEEP

Normal of ROLL

[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:02][Remaining:00:00:00]                                 

restore successfully.

time used: 00:00:02.678

RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

Database mode = 2, oguid = 0

Normal of FAST

Normal of DEFAULT

Normal of RECYCLE

Normal of KEEP

Normal of ROLL

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[212204], file_lsn[212204]

[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00PKG/s][Cost:00:00:00][Remaining:00:00:00]                               

recover successfully!

time used: 00:00:02.713

RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC;

RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC;

Database mode = 2, oguid = 0

Normal of FAST

Normal of DEFAULT

Normal of RECYCLE

Normal of KEEP

Normal of ROLL

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[212348], file_lsn[212348]

recover successfully!

time used: 00:00:01.086

7、数据库恢复

从备份集恢复

RMAN>RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_restore';

从归档恢复

1.联机数据库执行备份，产生备份集 B1；

BACKUP DATABASE FULL TO B1 BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/B1' DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUPINFO 'DAMENG FULL BACKUP ONLINE' MAXPIECESIZE 2048;

2.向表中循环插入数据为例来操作数据库，在插入数据的过程中，强行杀掉数据库服务器进程模拟故障；

DROP TABLE TAB_FOR_RECOVER;

CREATE TABLE TAB_FOR_RECOVER(C1 INT);

BEGIN

  FOR I IN 1..100000 LOOP

     INSERT INTO TAB_FOR_RECOVER VALUES(I);

     COMMIT;

  END LOOP;

END;

/

3.创建目标库 D2，即待还原的库；

dminit path=/dm/data db_name=DAMENG_FOR_RES

4.启动 DMRMAN 工具，修复源库 D1 归档文件；

RMAN>REPAIR ARCHIVELOG DATABASE '/dm/data/DMDB/dm.ini'

5.使用备份集 B1 及归档将目标库 D2 恢复到最新状态。

RMAN>RESTORE DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RES/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/B1';

RMAN>RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RES/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR '/dm/data/DMDB/arch';

SQL> BACKUP DATABASE FULL TO B1 BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/B1' DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUPINFO 'DAMENG FULL BACKUP ONLINE' MAXPIECESIZE 2048;

操作已执行

已用时间: 00:00:03.181. 执行号:2102.

SQL> CREATE TABLE TAB_FOR_RECOVER(C1 INT);

操作已执行

已用时间: 16.851(毫秒). 执行号:2103.

SQL> BEGIN

  FOR I IN 1..100000 LOOP

     INSERT INTO TAB_FOR_RECOVER VALUES(I);

     COMMIT;

  END LOOP;

END;

/2   3   4   5   6   7   

连接丢失

SQL>

RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RES/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/B1';

RESTORE DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RES/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/B1';

file dm.key not found, use default license!

Normal of FAST

Normal of DEFAULT

Normal of RECYCLE

Normal of KEEP

Normal of ROLL

[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:02][Remaining:00:00:00]                                 

restore successfully.

time used: 00:00:02.577

RMAN> REPAIR ARCHIVELOG DATABASE '/dm/data/DMDB/dm.ini';

REPAIR ARCHIVELOG DATABASE '/dm/data/DMDB/dm.ini';

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

Normal of FAST

Normal of DEFAULT

Normal of RECYCLE

Normal of KEEP

Normal of ROLL

Can not open ini file /dm/data/DMDB/dmmal.ini!

begin redo pwr log collect, last ckpt lsn: 488116 ...

redo pwr log collect finished

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[574475], file_lsn[574475]

rafil_recv_if_necessary, arch file recv begin: arch_lsn: 574470, clsn: 574475, begin_seq: 86209, end_seq: 86209

arch file recv end: arch_lsn: 574471, clsn: 574475, begin_seq: 86209, end_seq: 86209

repair archive log successfully.

repair time used: 658.107(ms)

time used: 658.543(ms)

RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RES/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR '/dm/data/DMDB/arch';

RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RES/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR '/dm/data/DMDB/arch';

Database mode = 2, oguid = 0

Normal of FAST

Normal of DEFAULT

Normal of RECYCLE

Normal of KEEP

Normal of ROLL

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[326510], file_lsn[326510]

[Percent:100.00%][Speed:9180.00PKG/s][Cost:00:00:03][Remaining:00:00:00]                            

recover successfully!

time used: 00:00:04.228

恢复数据库到指定lsn

1.准备数据；

CREATE TABLE TAB_FOR_RECOVER_01(C1 INT);

INSERT INTO TAB_FOR_RECOVER_01 VALUES(1);

COMMIT;

2.备份数据库；

BACKUP DATABASE BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_time_lsn';

操作数据库，产生一些归档；

CREATE TABLE TAB_FOR_RECOVER_02(C1 INT);

INSERT INTO TAB_FOR_RECOVER_02 VALUES(1);

COMMIT;

使用 SELECT SYSDATE 命令查询此时的时间为：2018-11-16 10:56:40。

使用 SELECT FILE_LSN FROM V$RLOG 命令查询此时的 LSN 为：50857。

4.误操作数据库。此步骤误删除了表 TAB_FOR_RECOVER_01 中数据；

DELETE FROM TAB_FOR_RECOVER_01;

COMMIT;

5.还原数据库

RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_for_time_lsn';

6.恢复数据库到指定时间点/LSN

RMAN>RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR '/dm/data/DMDB/arch' UNTIL TIME '2024-06-25 14:50:13';

或

RMAN>RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR '/dm/data/DMDB/arch' UNTIL LSN 50857;

更新 DB_MAGIC

RMAN>RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC;

8、增量备份还原恢复

1.做一个联机全备。

BACKUP DATABASE FULL BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01';

2.造测试数据。

CREATE TABLE TAB_FOR_RECOVER_03(C1 INT);

BEGIN

  FOR I IN 1..1000 LOOP

     INSERT INTO TAB_FOR_RECOVER_03 VALUES(I);

     COMMIT;

  END LOOP;

END;

/

3.做一个联机增量备份。

BACKUP DATABASE INCREMENT WITH BACKUPDIR '/dm/backup/dm_bak' BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_increment_bak_02';

4.初始化一个新的数据库（还原库）

dminit path=/dm/data db_name=DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE auto_overwrite=1

5.全量还原恢复

RESTORE DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01';

RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_full_bak_01';

6.增量还原恢复

RESTORE DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_increment_bak_02';

RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dm/backup/dm_bak/db_increment_bak_02';

7.更新DB_MAGIC

RECOVER DATABASE '/dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC;

8.验证数据

su - root

cd /dm/script/root/

./dm_service_installer.sh -t dmserver -dm_ini /dm/data/DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE/dm.ini -p DAMENG_FOR_RESTORE

 [dmdba@localhost ~]$ disql SYSDBA

SQL> select count(*) from TAB_FOR_RECOVER_03;

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达梦数据库系列—13. 数据库的备份和还原

若指定为 NULL，则忽略备份集备份级别的区分。需要先使用 SF_BAKSET_BACKUP_DIR_ADD 添加将要删除的备份集目录，否则只删除数据库的默认备份目录下的备份集。查看备份集信息，需要先添加备份目录，V$BACKUPSET_SEARCH_DIRS有目录信息，当前会话执行查询。obj_name：待删除备份集中备份对象的名称，若指定为 NULL，则忽略备份集中备份对象名称区分。end_time：删除备份集生成的结束时间，仅删除 end_time 之前的备份集，必须指定。
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