Android Launcher开发添加应用程序的快捷方式

Launcher就是我们Android系统的手机桌面,这里一直是纷繁手机应用世界的必争之地,几乎每个应用都希望在这里有一席之地。

一个Launcher一般由以下几个部分组成:


今天我们先来做一个最简单的手机应用快捷方式添加。手机应用桌面快捷方式的基本原理是:

  • 采用了 Android 系统的广播机制,发送一个广播“com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT”,Android 系统的 Launcher 中的 InstallShortcutReceiver 接收到这个广播之后,快捷图标就会被创建。

手机应用快捷方式的添加总共分成三大步:

  1. 创建一个添加快捷方式的Intent,该Intent的action属性值是“com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT”;
  2. 通过该Intent添加Extra属性来设置快捷方式的标题、图标以及快捷方式要启动的应用程序;
  3. 调用sendBroadcast()方法发送广播即可添加快捷方式
另外,创建快捷方式是需要相应权限的,不要忘了
 <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT"/>
 <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS"/>
以下程序实现了对某一应用程序快捷方式的添加,并添加了判断应用程序图标是否已经存在于桌面的判断
package farsight.com.cn.addicon;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {

                if(!isExist()) {
                    // 创建添加快捷方式的Intent
                    Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT");
                    // 加载快捷方式的应用程序名称
                    String tile = getResources().getString(R.string.app_name);
                    // 加载快捷方式的图标
                    Parcelable icon = Intent.ShortcutIconResource.fromContext(MainActivity.this, R.drawable.ic_launcher);
                    // 创建点击快捷方式后操作Intent,该处当点击创建的快捷方式后,再次启动该程序
                    Intent myIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,
                            MainActivity.class);
                    // 设置快捷方式的标题
                    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, tile);
                    // 设置快捷方式的图标
                    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE, icon);
                    // 设置快捷方式对应的Intent
                    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, myIntent);
                    // 发送广播添加快捷方式
                    sendBroadcast(intent);

                }
            }
        });
    }


    private boolean isExist() {
        boolean isExist = false;
        int version = getSdkVersion();
        Uri uri = null;
        //桌面快捷图标的数据保存在手机的 /data/data/com.android.launcher/databases/launcher.db 中,
        // 同时系统对外提供了一个 LauncherProvider 供外界进行访问。
        // 在 launcher.db 的 favorites 表中保存了具体的数据,
        // 可以通过 LauncherProvider 中的 authorities 加 favorites 的形式来访问 favorites 表;
        // 考虑到程序的兼容性 authorities 的值要根据不同的 SDK 版本来进行设置,
        // 在 SDK 版本 2.0 之前 authorities 的值为:com.android.launcher.settings,
        // 而在 SDK 2.0 之后 authorities 的值为:com.android.launcher2.settings;
        if (version < 2.0) {
            uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.launcher.settings/favorites");
        } else {
            uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.launcher2.settings/favorites");
        }
        String selection = " title = ?";
        String[] selectionArgs = new String[] { getResources().getString(R.string.app_name).toString() };
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, selection, selectionArgs, null);

        if (cursor != null && cursor.getCount() > 0) {
            isExist = true;
        }

        if (cursor != null) {
            cursor.close();
        }

        return isExist;
    }

    /**
     * 得到当前系统SDK版本
     */
    private int getSdkVersion() {
        return android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
    }



}

AndroidManifest.xml
<span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="farsight.com.cn.addicon">

    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest></span><span style="font-size:12px;">
</span>





/** * 为程序创建桌面快捷方式 */ private void addShortcut(){ Intent shortcut = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT"); //快捷方式的名称 shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, getString(R.string.app_name)); shortcut.putExtra("duplicate", false); //不允许重复创建 //指定当前的Activity为快捷方式启动的对象: 如 //com.everest.video.VideoPlayer //注意: ComponentName的第二个参数必须加上点号(.),否则快捷方式无法启动相应程序 ComponentName comp = new ComponentName(this.getPackageName(), "."+this.getLocalClassName()); shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN).setComponent(comp)); //快捷方式图标 ShortcutIconResource iconRes = Intent.ShortcutIconResource.fromContext(this, R.drawable.icon); shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE, iconRes); sendBroadcast(shortcut); } /** * 删除程序的快捷方式 */ private void delShortcut(){ Intent shortcut = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT"); //快捷方式的名称 shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, getString(R.string.app_name)); //指定当前的Activity为快捷方式启动的对象: 如 //com.everest.video.VideoPlayer //注意: ComponentName的第二个参数必须是完整的类名(包名+类名),否则无法删除快捷方式 String appClass = this.getPackageName() + "." +this.getLocalClassName(); ComponentName comp = new ComponentName(this.getPackageName(), appClass); shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN).setComponent(comp)); sendBroadcast(shortcut); } 全屏显示 this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); this.getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN); 横竖屏显示 private void changedScreen(){ int request = this.getRequestedOrientation(); if(request == -1){ Toast.makeText(TaskRunActivity.this, "None 1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }else{ if(getRequestedOrientation() == ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE){ this.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT); }else if(getRequestedOrientation() == ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT){ this.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE); } } } 获取手机分辩率 DisplayMetrics dm = new DisplayMetrics(); this.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(dm); int width = dm.widthPixels; int height = dm.heightPixels; 图形用户界面 文本框(TextView) 列表(ListView) 卷轴视图(ScrollView) 编辑框(EditText) 按钮(Button) 下载列表(Spinner) 多项选择(CheckBok) 图形用户界面 菜单(Menu) 提示(toast) 对话框(Dialog) 日期(DatePicker) 时间(TimePicker) 单项选择(RadioGroup RadioButton) 图形用户界面 线性布局(LinearLayout) 相对布局(RelativeLayout) 绝对布局(AbsoluteLayout) 表格布局(TableLayout) 数据据存储 系统偏好 文件 网络 数据库 显示网页: 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri); 3. startActivity(it); 显示地图: 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.Action_VIEW,uri); 3. startActivity(it); 路径规划: 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,URI); 3. startActivity(it); 拨打电话: 调用拨号程序 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:xxxxxx"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri); 3. startActivity(it); 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel.xxxxxx"); 2. Intent it =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri); 3. 要使用这个必须在配置文件中加入<uses-permission id="Android.permission.CALL_PHONE" /> 发送SMS/MMS 调用发送短信的程序 1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); 2. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); 3. it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms"); 4. startActivity(it); 发送短信 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); 3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); 4. startActivity(it); 发送彩信 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text"); 4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri); 5. it.setType("image/png"); 6. startActivity(it); 发送Email 1. 2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com"); 3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); 4. startActivity(it); 1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com"); 3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); 4. it.setType("text/plain"); 5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 1. Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 2. String[] tos={"me@abc.com"}; 3. String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"}; 4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos); 5. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs); 6. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); 7. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); 8. it.setType("message/rfc822"); 9. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 添加附件 1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); 3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3[/url]"); 4. sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3"); 5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 播放多媒体 1. 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); 3. Uri uri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/song.mp3[/url]"); 4. it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3"); 5. startActivity(it); 1. Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1"); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 3. startActivity(it); Uninstall 程序 1. Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null); 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri); 3. startActivity(it); //调用相册 public static final String MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG = "image/*"; public static final int ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE = 0; Intent getImage = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); getImage.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE); getImage.setType(MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG); startActivityForResult(getImage, ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE); //调用系统相机应用程序,并存储拍下来的照片 Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(new File(Environment .getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/tucue", time + ".jpg"))); startActivityForResult(intent, ACTIVITY_GET_CAMERA_IMAGE); uninstall apk Uri uninstallUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null); returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uninstallUri); install apk Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null); returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri); play audio Uri playUri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/download/everything.mp3[/url]"); returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, playUri); //发送附件 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/eoe.mp3[/url]"); sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); //搜索应用 Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where pkg_name is the full package path for an application //进入联系人页面 Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.setData(People.CONTENT_URI); startActivity(intent); //查看指定联系人 Uri personUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, info.id);//info.id联系人ID Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.setData(personUri); startActivity(intent); 在进行Android开发的过程中,免不了,要开发TCP/UDP通讯的程序,下面这两段代码,分别介绍了TCP/UCP通过的一个实例: 代码一: private void tcpdata() { try { Socket s = new Socket("192.168.0.25", 65500); // outgoing stream redirect to socket OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream(); // 注意第二个参数据为true将会自动flush,否则需要需要手动操作out.flush() PrintWriter output = new PrintWriter(out, true); output.println("Hello IdeasAndroid! 伪IP为:" + SIMCardToIP("13512345006")); InputStream inputStream = s.getInputStream(); DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(inputStream); byte[] b = new byte[10000]; int length = input.read(b); inputReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream); String Msg = new String(b, 0, length, "gb2312"); Toast.makeText(TcpTest.this, Msg, 1000).show(); Log.d("Tcp Demo", "message From Server:" + Msg); s.close(); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } 下面的代码是UDP通讯的过程: public String send(String msg) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); InetAddress local = null; try { local = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.0.25"); // 本机测试 } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { dSocket = new DatagramSocket(); // 注意此处要先在配置文件里设置权限,否则会抛权限不足的异常 } catch (SocketException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } int msg_len = msg == null ? 0 : msg.length(); DatagramPacket dPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), msg_len, local, SERVER_PORT); try { dSocket.send(dPacket); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { dSocket.receive(dPacket); sb.append(new String(dPacket.getData())); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } dSocket.close(); return sb.toString(); }
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