考题篇(6.2) 04 ❀ 企业防火墙 ❀ Fortinet 网络安全架构师 NSE7

 Which the following events can trigger the election of a new primary unit in a HA cluster? (Choose two.)  〖以下哪个事件可以触发HA集群中新的主单元的选举?(选择两个)〗

  A. One of the monitored interfaces in the primary unit is disconnected. 〖主单元中被监控的接口之一断开。〗

  B. The FortiGuard license for the primary unit is updated. 〖主单元的FortiGuard license更新。〗

  C. A secondary unit is removed from the HA cluster. 〖从HA集群中移除从单元。〗

  D. Primary unit stops sending HA heartbeat keepalives. 〖主单元停止发送HA心跳keepalive。〗

  【分析】

 

  有四种情况可以触发故障转移:

  ●  当主机停止对心跳的应答时。

  ●  当被监控接口的链路状态变为down时。通过配置HA集群,可以监控一个或多个接口的链路状态。

  ●  当服务器(IP地址)停止响应主机发送的ping时。可以配置HA集群定时向一台或多台服务器发送ping命令,以测试主设备与网络服务之间的连通性。

  ●  当FortiOS检测到SSD故障时。仅支持有SSD的设备。

  【答案】A D

 

 What configuration changes can reduce the memory utilization in a FortiGate? (Choose two.)  〖哪些配置更改可以降低FortiGate中的内存利用率?(选择两个)〗

  A. Reduce the maximum file size to inspect.  〖减少要检查的最大文件大小。〗

  B. Reduce the session time to live.  〖减少会话时间。〗

  C. Increase the FortiGuard cache time to live.  〖增加FortiGuard缓存的生存时间。〗

  D. Increase the TCP session timers. 〖增加TCP会话定时器。〗

  【分析】

   【答案】A B

 

 Two independent FortiGate HA clusters are connected to the same broadcast domain. The administrator has reported that both clusters are using the same HA virtual MAC address. This creates a duplicated MAC address problem in the network. What HA setting must be changed in one of the HA clusters to fix the problem? 〖个独立的FortiGate HA集群连接到同一个广播域。管理员报告两个集群使用相同的HA虚拟MAC地址。这将在网络中产生一个重复的MAC地址问题。要解决这个问题,必须在某个HA集群中更改什么HA设置?〗  

  A. Gratuitous ARPs.  

  B. Group name.  

  C. Session pickup.  

  D. Group ID.  

  【分析】

  为每个接口分配的HA虚拟MAC地址由HA组ID、虚拟集群ID和接口索引决定。因此,如果在同一个广播域中有两个或更多的HA集群,并且使用相同的HA组ID,则可能会出现MAC地址冲突。对于这些情况,强烈建议为每个集群分配不同的HA组ID。 

  【答案】D

 

 What conditions are required for two FortiGate devices to form an OSPF adjacency? (Choose three.) 〖两台FortiGate设备需要什么条件才能形成OSPF邻接关系?(选择三个)〗

  A. OSPF IP MTUs match.  

  B. OSPF peer IDs match.  

  C. Hello and dead intervals match.  

  D. OSPF costs match.  

  E. IP addresses are in the same subnet.  

  【分析】

  【答案】A C E

 

 View the exhibit, which contains the output of diagnose sys session stat, and then answer the question below.  〖查看下列图片,其中包含诊断系统会话统计的输出,然后回答下面的问题。〗

  Which statements are correct regarding the output shown? (Choose two.)  〖对于显示的输出,哪些语句是正确的?(选择两个)〗

  A. All the sessions in the session table are TCP sessions.  〖会话表中所有会话都是TCP会话。〗

  B. There are 0 ephemeral sessions.  〖有0个临时会话。〗

  C. There are 166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake.  〖有166个TCP会话等待完成三次握手。〗

  D. No sessions have been deleted because of memory pages exhaustion. 〖没有因为内存页耗尽而删除会话。〗

  【分析】

   FortiGate有一种机制来保护内存使用免受某些形式的DoS攻击。FortiGate将会话表中的条目分类为临时会话,如果该条目是未完全建立的TCP会话(三路握手未完成),或者是只接收到一个包的UDP会话。在一些Dos攻击中。这类会话的数量会不正常地增加,可能会消耗单位内存。FortiGate设置了会话表中可以同时存在的临时会话的最大数量的硬限制。

  【答案】B D

 

 Examine the output of the 'get router info ospf interface' command shown in the exhibit; then answer the question below. 〖查看下列图片中get router info ospf interface命令的输出,然后回答下面的问题。〗

  Which statements are true regarding the above output? (Choose two.)  〖关于上述输出,哪些陈述是正确的?(选择两个)〗

  A. The port4 interface is connected to the OSPF backbone area.  〖port4接口连接OSPF骨干区域。〗

  B. The local FortiGate has been elected as the OSPF backup designated router.  〖本地FortiGate被选举为OSPF备份指定路由器。〗

  C. Two OSPF routers are down in the port4 network.  〖端口4网络中两台OSPF路由器故障。〗

  D. There are at least 5 OSPF routers connected to the port4 network.  〖端口4网络上至少连接了5台OSPF路由器。〗

  【分析】

  邻居关系和邻接关系是不同的概念。
  邻居关系是指,当双方收到对方的hello报文的时候,报文里面的参数(hello time.dead interval , area id.authentication ,mask 等)一致的时候,并且邻居关系为2-way的时候,这个就可以成为是建立了邻居关系,但是还不是邻接关系。
  邻接关系是指在建立的邻居关系之后继续发送DD,LSR,LSU等报文,最终双方的LSDB达到同步之后,邻居状态为FULL时,才成为邻接关系。

  【答案】A D

 

 View the exhibit, which contains the output of a BGP debug command, and then answer the question below.  〖查看下列图片,其中包含BGP调试命令的输出,然后回答下面的问题。〗

  Which of the following statements about the exhibit are true? (Choose two.)  〖下列关于展览的陈述哪一个是正确的?(选择两个)〗

  A. Since the counters were last reset; the 10.200.3.1 peer has never been down.  〖自从计数器最后一次重置;10.200.3.1 peer从未down过。〗

  B. The local router's BGP state is Established with the 10.125.0.60 peer.  〖本地路由器与10.125.0.60邻居的BGP状态建立。〗

  C. The local router has not established a TCP session with 100.64.3.1.  〖本地路由器没有与100.64.3.1建立TCP会话。〗

  D. The local router has received a total of three BGP prefixes from all peers.  〖本路由器从所有对等体接收到三个BGP前缀。〗

  【分析】

  最后一列是邻居状态和前缀数量。如果状态为没有建立,则显示BGP的状态。如果状态为建立,则显示本地FortiGate从邻居接收到的前缀数量。

  【答案】B C

 

 View the exhibit, which contains the output of get sys ha status, and then answer the question below.  〖查看下列图片,其中包含get sys ha status的输出,然后回答下面的问题。〗

  Which statements are correct regarding the output? (Choose two.)  〖关于输出,哪些语句是正确的?(选择两个)〗

  A. port 7 is used the HA heartbeat on all devices in the cluster.  〖7号端口用于集群内所有设备的HA心跳。〗

  B. The HA management IP is 169.254.0.2.  〖HA管理IP为169.254.0.2。〗

  C. The slave configuration is not synchronized with the master.  〖从端配置没有与主端同步。〗

  D. Master is selected because it is the only device in the cluster.  〖选择Master是因为它是集群中唯一的设备。〗

  【分析】

  【答案】A C

 

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