Androi学习：Camera初探——控制摄像头拍照

转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/lissdy/article/details/8512395

实习接触的项目中需要调用系统摄像头进行拍照，通过完成这个功能点暂时初步了解了Android中的Camera，当然目前只是停留在使用阶段，对于Camera的深度剖析有机会也要了解一下。

通过Camera控制摄像头拍照的步骤：

1.调用Camera的open()方法打开相机。

2.调用Camera的setParameters()方法获取拍照参数。该方法返回一个Camera.Parameters对象。

3.调用Camera.Paramers对象方法设置拍照参数

4.调用Camera的setParameters，并将Camera.Paramers作为参数传入，这样即可对相机的拍照参数进行控制

5.调用Camera的startPreview()方法开始预览取景,在预览取景之前需要调用Camera的setPreViewDisplay(SurfaceHolder holder)方法设置使用哪个SurfaceView来显示取景图片。

6.调用Camera的takePicture()方法进行拍照.

7.结束程序时，调用Camera的StopPriview()结束取景预览，并调用release()方法释放资源。

运行效果：

涉及Camera使用的相关代码：

[java]  view plain  copy

1. private void initCamera()  
2.     {  
3.         if (!isPreview)  
4.         {  
5.             camera = Camera.open();  //1.调用Camera的open()方法打开相机。  
6.         }  
7.         if (camera != null && !isPreview)  
8.         {  
9.             try  
10.             {  
11.                 //2.调用Camera的setParameters()方法获取拍照参数。该方法返回一个Camera.Parameters对象。  
12.                 Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();            
13.                 //3.调用Camera.Paramers对象方法设置拍照参数  
14.                 // 设置预览照片的大小  
15.                 parameters.setPreviewSize(screenWidth, screenHeight);  
16.                 // 每秒显示4帧  
17.                 parameters.setPreviewFrameRate(4);  
18.                 // 设置图片格式  
19.                 parameters.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG);  
20.                 // 设置JPG照片的质量  
21.                 parameters.set("jpeg-quality",85);  
22.                 //设置照片的大小  
23.                 parameters.setPictureSize(screenWidth, screenHeight);             
24.                   
25.                 //4.调用Camera的setParameters，并将Camera.Paramers作为参数传入，这样即可对相机的拍照参数进行控制  
26.                 camera.setParameters(parameters);             
27.                 /** 
28.                  *  5.调用Camera的startPreview()方法开始预览取景,在预览取景之前需要调用 
29.                  *  Camera的setPreViewDisplay(SurfaceHolder holder)方法设置使用哪个SurfaceView来显示取景图片。 
30.                  *  通过SurfaceView显示取景画面 
31.                  */           
32.                 camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceHolder);  
33.                 // 开始预览  
34.                 camera.startPreview();  
35.                 // 自动对焦  
36.                 camera.autoFocus(afcb);  
37.             }  
38.             catch (Exception e)  
39.             {  
40.                 e.printStackTrace();  
41.             }  
42.             isPreview = true;  
43.         }  
44.     }  

[java]  view plain  copy

1. //设置监听器，触摸屏幕即拍照  
2. sView.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {             
3.     public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {  
4.         // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
5.         if(event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){  
6.             if (camera != null)  
7.             {  
8.                 // 6.调用Camera的takePicture()方法进行拍照.  
9.                 camera.takePicture(null, null , myjpegCallback);  
10.                 return true;  
11.             }  
12.         }  
13.         return false;  
14.     }  
15. });  

[plain]  view plain  copy

1. // surface摧毁时释放摄像头  
2.             public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder)  
3.             {  
4.                 // 如果camera不为null ,释放摄像头  
5.                 if (camera != null)  
6.                 {  
7.                     //7.结束程序时，调用Camera的StopPriview()结束取景预览，并调用release()方法释放资源.  
8.                     if (isPreview)  
9.                     camera.stopPreview();  
10.                     camera.release();  
11.                     camera = null;  
12.                 }  
13.             }     

完整代码：

[java]  view plain  copy

1. public class TakephotoActivity extends Activity  
2. {  
3.     SurfaceView sView;  
4.     SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder;  
5.     int screenWidth, screenHeight;  
6.     Button takePhoto;  
7.     Camera camera;  // 定义系统所用的照相机  
8.     boolean isPreview = false;//是否在浏览中  
9.         @Override  
10.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)  
11.     {  
12.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
13.         // 设置全屏  
14.         requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);  
15.         getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,  
16.             WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);  
17.         //设置屏幕方向  
18.         this.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);  
19.         setContentView(R.layout.takephoto);  
20.           
21.         takePhoto=(Button)findViewById(R.id.takephoto);  
22.         takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {         
23.             public void onClick(View v) {  
24.                 if (camera != null)  
25.                 {                   // 拍照  
26.                     camera.takePicture(null, null , myjpegCallback);  
27.                 }  
28.                   
29.             }  
30.         });  
31.         WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) getSystemService(  
32.             Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);  
33.         Display display = wm.getDefaultDisplay();  
34.         // 获取屏幕的宽和高  
35.         screenWidth = display.getWidth();  
36.         screenHeight = display.getHeight();  
37.           
38.         // 获取界面中SurfaceView组件  
39.         sView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.sView);  
40.         //设置监听器，触摸屏幕即拍照  
41.         sView.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {             
42.             public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {  
43.                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
44.                 if(event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){  
45.                     if (camera != null)  
46.                     {  
47.                         // 6.调用Camera的takePicture()方法进行拍照.  
48.                         camera.takePicture(null, null , myjpegCallback);  
49.                         return true;  
50.                     }  
51.                 }  
52.                 return false;  
53.             }  
54.         });  
55.         // 获得SurfaceView的SurfaceHolder  
56.         surfaceHolder = sView.getHolder();  
57.         // 为surfaceHolder添加一个回调监听器  
58.         surfaceHolder.addCallback(new Callback()  
59.         {  
60.             public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,  
61.                 int height)  
62.             {  
63.             }  
64.             public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder)  
65.             {  
66.                 // surface被创建时打开摄像头  
67.                 initCamera();  
68.                   
69.             }  
70.             // surface摧毁时释放摄像头  
71.             public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder)  
72.             {  
73.                 // 如果camera不为null ,释放摄像头  
74.                 if (camera != null)  
75.                 {  
76.                     //7.结束程序时，调用Camera的StopPriview()结束取景预览，并调用release()方法释放资源.  
77.                     if (isPreview)  
78.                     camera.stopPreview();  
79.                     camera.release();  
80.                     camera = null;  
81.                 }  
82.             }         
83.         });  
84.         // 设置该SurfaceView自己不维护缓冲      
85.         surfaceHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);  
86.     }  
87.     private void initCamera()  
88.     {  
89.         if (!isPreview)  
90.         {  
91.             camera = Camera.open();  //1.调用Camera的open()方法打开相机。  
92.         }  
93.         if (camera != null && !isPreview)  
94.         {  
95.             try  
96.             {  
97.                 //2.调用Camera的setParameters()方法获取拍照参数。该方法返回一个Camera.Parameters对象。  
98.                 Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();            
99.                 //3.调用Camera.Paramers对象方法设置拍照参数  
100.                 // 设置预览照片的大小  
101.                 parameters.setPreviewSize(screenWidth, screenHeight);  
102.                 // 每秒显示4帧  
103.                 parameters.setPreviewFrameRate(4);  
104.                 // 设置图片格式  
105.                 parameters.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG);  
106.                 // 设置JPG照片的质量  
107.                 parameters.set("jpeg-quality",85);  
108.                 //设置照片的大小  
109.                 parameters.setPictureSize(screenWidth, screenHeight);             
110.                   
111.                 //4.调用Camera的setParameters，并将Camera.Paramers作为参数传入，这样即可对相机的拍照参数进行控制  
112.                 camera.setParameters(parameters);             
113.                 /** 
114.                  *  5.调用Camera的startPreview()方法开始预览取景,在预览取景之前需要调用 
115.                  *  Camera的setPreViewDisplay(SurfaceHolder holder)方法设置使用哪个SurfaceView来显示取景图片。 
116.                  *  通过SurfaceView显示取景画面 
117.                  */           
118.                 camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceHolder);  
119.                 // 开始预览  
120.                 camera.startPreview();  
121.                 // 自动对焦  
122.                 camera.autoFocus(afcb);  
123.             }  
124.             catch (Exception e)  
125.             {  
126.                 e.printStackTrace();  
127.             }  
128.             isPreview = true;  
129.         }  
130.     }     
131.       
132.     AutoFocusCallback afcb=new AutoFocusCallback() {      
133.         public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera) {  
134.             if(success){  
135.                 //takePhoto.setEnabled(true);  
136.                 System.out.println("可以拍照");  
137.             }             
138.         }  
139.     };  
140.       
141.     PictureCallback myjpegCallback = new PictureCallback()  
142.     {  
143.         public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera)  
144.         {  
145.             // 根据拍照所得的数据创建位图  
146.             final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data  
147.                 , 0, data.length);  
148.             // 加载/layout/save.xml文件对应的布局资源  
149.             View saveDialog = getLayoutInflater().inflate(  
150.                 R.layout.save, null);  
151.             final EditText photoName = (EditText) saveDialog  
152.                 .findViewById(R.id.phone_name);  
153.             // 获取saveDialog对话框上的ImageView组件  
154.             ImageView show = (ImageView) saveDialog.findViewById(R.id.show);  
155.             // 显示刚刚拍得的照片  
156.             show.setImageBitmap(bitmap);  
157.             //使用对话框显示saveDialog组件  
158.             new AlertDialog.Builder(TakephotoActivity.this)  
159.                 .setView(saveDialog)  
160.                 .setPositiveButton("上传", new OnClickListener()  
161.                 {  
162.                     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog,  
163.                         int which)  
164.                     {  
165.                         // 创建一个位于SD卡上的文件  
166.                         File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()  
167.                             ,  photoName.getText().toString() + ".jpg");  
168.                         FileOutputStream outStream = null;  
169.                         try  
170.                         {  
171.                             // 打开指定文件对应的输出流  
172.                             outStream = new FileOutputStream(file);  
173.                             // 把位图输出到指定文件中  
174.                             Matrix matrix = new Matrix();  
175.                             Bitmap bm = Bitmap.createBitmap(1200, 1200*bitmap.getHeight()/bitmap.getWidth(), Config.ARGB_8888);//固定所拍相片大小  
176.                             matrix.setScale(( float ) bm.getWidth() / ( float ) bitmap.getWidth(),( float ) bm.getHeight() / ( float ) bitmap.getHeight());// 注意参数一定是float哦  
177.                             Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bm);//用bm创建一个画布 可以往bm中画入东西了  
178.                             canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap,matrix,null);        
179.                             bm.compress(CompressFormat.JPEG, 40, outStream);  
180.                             outStream.close();  
181.                         }  
182.                         catch (IOException e)  
183.                         {  
184.                             e.printStackTrace();  
185.                         }  
186.                     }  
187.                 })  
188.                 .setNegativeButton("取消", null)  
189.                 .show();  
190.             //重新浏览  
191.             camera.stopPreview();  
192.             camera.startPreview();  
193.             isPreview = true;  
194.         }  
195.     };  
196. }  

网上看到Camera架构相关文章很对，有空也了解一下。