交通灯管理系统的项目需求
交通灯系统图
总共有12条路线，为了统一编程模型，可以假设每条路线都有一个红绿灯对其进行控制，右转弯的4条路线的控制灯可以假设称为常绿状态，另外，其他的8条线路是两两成对的，可以归为4组，所以，程序只需考虑图中标注了数字号的4条路线的控制灯的切换顺序，这4条路线相反方向的路线的控制灯跟随这4条路线切换，不必额外考虑。
面向对象的分析与设计
1. 我们初步设想一下有哪些对象：红绿灯，红绿灯的控制系统，汽车，路线。汽车看到自己所在路线对应的灯绿了就穿过路口吗？不是，还需要看其前面是否有车，看前面是否有车，该问哪个对象呢？该问路，路中存储着车辆的集合，显然路上就应该有增加车辆和减少车辆的方法了。再看题目，我们这里并不要体现车辆移动的过程，只是捕捉出车辆穿过路口的过程，也就是捕捉路上减少一辆车的过程，所以，这个车并不需要单独设计成为一个对象，用一个字符串表示就可以了。
面向对象设计把握一个重要的经验：谁拥有数据，谁就对外提供操作这些数据的方法。再牢牢掌握几个典型的案例就可以了：人在黑板上画圆，列车司机紧急刹车，售货员统计收获小票的金额，你把门关上了等。
学员的两个面向对象的面试题，用面向对象的方式设计如下情景。
（1）. “两块石头磨成一把石刀，石刀可以砍树，砍成木材，木材做成椅子”，
（2）. “球从一根绳子的一端移动到了另一端”，
package com.isoftstone.interview.traffic;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Road {
private List<String> vehicles = new ArrayList<String>();
private String name = null;
Road(String name){
//这条路的名字：
this.name = name;
//这条路上会不时的加载点车辆，new一个单线程池去实现加载车辆功能。
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
executor.execute(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=1;i<1000;i++){
try {
Thread.sleep((new Random().nextInt(10)+1)*1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//这里面的车辆的名字会用到路名，这个路名如果是外部类的局部变量的话，那么构造函数的参数就得加final。要么就用外部类的成员变量，与局部变量重名时就用(类名.this.变量名)来区分外部类的成员变量。
vehicles.add(Road.this.name+"_"+i);
}
}
});
//如果路上有车，如果灯是绿的，用定时器每隔1秒移走车辆：
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
scheduledExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
if(vehicles.size()>0){
boolean lighted = Lamp.valueOf(Road.this.name).isLighted();
if(lighted){
System.out.println(vehicles.remove(0)+" is traversing!");
}
}
}
}, 1, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
package com.isoftstone.interview.traffic;
public enum Lamp {
//主控灯
//直行
S2N("N2S","S2W",false), E2W("W2E","E2S",false),
//左拐
S2W("N2E","E2W",false), E2S("W2N","S2N",false),
//辅控灯
//直行
N2S(null,null,false), W2E(null,null,false),
//左拐
N2E(null,null,false), W2N(null,null,false),
//常亮灯
S2E(null,null,true), E2N(null,null,true),
N2W(null,null,true), W2S(null,null,true);
private String opposite;
private String next;
private boolean lighted;
private Lamp(String opposite, String next, boolean lighted){
this.opposite = opposite;
this.next = next;
this.lighted = lighted;
}
public boolean isLighted(){
return this.lighted;
}
//static Lamp valueOf(String name) 返回带指定名称的枚举常量。
public void light(){
this.lighted = true;
if(opposite!=null){
Lamp.valueOf(opposite).light();
}
//String name() 返回此枚举常量的名称，在其枚举声明中对其进行声明。
System.out.println(name()+"方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过");
}
public Lamp blackOut(){
this.lighted = false;
if(opposite!=null){
Lamp.valueOf(opposite).blackOut();
}
Lamp nextLamp = null;
if(next!=null){
nextLamp = Lamp.valueOf(next);
System.out.println("绿灯从"+name()+"方向--->切换为"+next);
nextLamp.light();
}
return nextLamp;
}
}
package com.isoftstone.interview.traffic;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class LampController {
private Lamp currentLamp;
LampController(){
currentLamp = Lamp.S2N;
currentLamp.light();
//每隔一段时间，让这盏灯熄灭，让下一盏灯变绿。
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
scheduledExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
//当前的灯应该记住下一盏变绿的灯。
currentLamp = currentLamp.blackOut();
}
}, 10, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
package com.isoftstone.interview.traffic;
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//12个方向：
String[] directions = new String[]{
"S2N","S2W","E2W","E2S",
"N2S","N2E","W2E","W2N",
"S2E","E2N","N2W","W2S"};
//根据12个方向，new12条路线：
for(int i=0;i<directions.length;i++){
new Road(directions[i]);
}
//new一个LampController实例，就表示有一个灯变绿，开始走车了。
new LampController();
}
}
运行结果：
N2S方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
S2N方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
N2S_1 is traversing!
S2E_1 is traversing!
N2W_1 is traversing!
N2S_2 is traversing!
S2E_2 is traversing!
S2N_1 is traversing!
E2N_1 is traversing!
W2S_1 is traversing!
绿灯从S2N方向--->切换为S2W
N2E方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
S2W方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
S2W_1 is traversing!
N2E_1 is traversing!
N2W_2 is traversing!
S2W_2 is traversing!
E2N_2 is traversing!
S2W_3 is traversing!
N2W_3 is traversing!
S2E_3 is traversing!
E2N_3 is traversing!
W2S_2 is traversing!
绿灯从S2W方向--->切换为E2W
W2E方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
E2W方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
E2W_1 is traversing!
W2E_1 is traversing!
S2E_4 is traversing!
E2W_2 is traversing!
W2E_2 is traversing!
S2E_5 is traversing!
N2W_4 is traversing!
W2S_3 is traversing!
E2W_3 is traversing!
W2E_3 is traversing!
W2S_4 is traversing!
E2W_4 is traversing!
S2E_6 is traversing!
S2E_7 is traversing!
W2E_4 is traversing!
W2S_5 is traversing!
E2N_4 is traversing!
N2W_5 is traversing!
W2S_6 is traversing!
绿灯从E2W方向--->切换为E2S
W2N方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
E2S方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
E2S_1 is traversing!
W2N_1 is traversing!
W2N_2 is traversing!
E2S_2 is traversing!
E2N_5 is traversing!
E2S_3 is traversing!
W2N_3 is traversing!
W2S_7 is traversing!
E2S_4 is traversing!
W2N_4 is traversing!
E2S_5 is traversing!
W2N_5 is traversing!
S2E_8 is traversing!
N2W_6 is traversing!
W2S_8 is traversing!
W2N_6 is traversing!
E2N_6 is traversing!
绿灯从E2S方向--->切换为S2N
N2S方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
S2N方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
S2N_2 is traversing!
N2S_3 is traversing!
N2W_7 is traversing!
S2N_3 is traversing!
N2S_4 is traversing!
S2N_4 is traversing!
N2S_5 is traversing!
N2S_6 is traversing!
S2N_5 is traversing!
W2S_9 is traversing!
S2E_9 is traversing!
E2N_7 is traversing!
S2N_6 is traversing!
N2S_7 is traversing!
S2E_10 is traversing!
N2W_8 is traversing!
E2N_8 is traversing!
W2S_10 is traversing!
N2S_8 is traversing!
绿灯从S2N方向--->切换为S2W
N2E方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
S2W方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
N2E_2 is traversing!
S2W_4 is traversing!
N2W_9 is traversing!
S2E_11 is traversing!
S2W_5 is traversing!
N2E_3 is traversing!
S2W_6 is traversing!
N2E_4 is traversing!
S2W_7 is traversing!
N2E_5 is traversing!
E2N_9 is traversing!
S2W_8 is traversing!
N2E_6 is traversing!
S2W_9 is traversing!
N2E_7 is traversing!
S2E_12 is traversing!
N2W_10 is traversing!
E2N_10 is traversing!
N2E_8 is traversing!
S2W_10 is traversing!
S2W_11 is traversing!
N2E_9 is traversing!
E2N_11 is traversing!
E2N_12 is traversing!
W2S_11 is traversing!
S2W_12 is traversing!
绿灯从S2W方向--->切换为E2W
W2E方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
E2W方向的灯变绿,下面总共应该有6个方向能够看到有车辆穿过
E2W_5 is traversing!
W2E_5 is traversing!
S2E_13 is traversing!
E2W_6 is traversing!
W2E_6 is traversing!
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