Day072 Django(八)(9.12)

最新推荐文章于 2020-12-22 00:42:04 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-12-22 00:42:04 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/melody_92/article/details/102858910

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35_文件上传_1

文件上传

实现步骤

配置URL

        # from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.urls import path, include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    # url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # url(r'^student/', include('student.urls')),
    
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('student/', include("stuapp.urls")),
]
#coding=utf-8

# from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns=[
    # url(r'^$', views.Index.as_view()),
    path('', views.Index.as_view()),
    
]

创建视图

        # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.urls import reverse

# Create your views here.


from django.views import View
class Index(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return render(request,'index.html')


    def post(self,request):
        uname = request.POST.get('uname','')
        photo = request.FILES.get('photo','')
        import os
        if not os.path.exists('static'):
            os.makedirs('static')


        with open(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'static',photo.name),'wb') as fw:
            #一次性读取文件
            fw.write(photo.read())

        return HttpResponse('上传成功！')

创建模板

        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/student/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        {% csrf_token %}
        用户名：<input type="text" name="uname"/><br/><br/>
        头&emsp;像：<input type="file" name="photo"/><br/><br/>
        &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;<input type="submit" value="注册"/>

    </form>

</body>
</html>

随堂笔记：(原生的文件上传)

demo8/urls.py

        from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('student/', include('stuapp1.urls')),
    path('student2/', include('stuapp2.urls')),
]

demo8/settings.py

        INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'stuapp1',
    'stuapp2',
]

stuapp2/urls.py

        from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('upload1/', views.upload1_view),

]

stuapp2/views.py

        import os

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from demo8.settings import BASE_DIR


def upload1_view(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "upload.html")
    else:
        # 获取请求参数
        sname = request.POST.get('sname', '')
        photo = request.FILES.get('photo', '')
        # 返回一个上传文件对象 <class 'django.core.files.uploadedfile.InMemoryUploadedFile'>
        # print(type(photo))  # type()：查看变量类型

        # 判断文件目录是否存在
        m_path = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
        # print(m_path)
        if not os.path.exists(m_path):  # 如果路径不存在
            # 创建当前目录
            os.mkdir(m_path)

        # 将图片写入目标文件夹
        with open(os.path.join(m_path, photo.name), "wb") as fw:
            # photo.read()    # 一次性将文件读取到内存，比较消耗内存
            # fw.write(photo.read())

            # photo.chunks()  分块读取文件到内存
            for c in photo.chunks():
                fw.write(c)

        return HttpResponse("上传成功！")

templates/upload.html

        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/student2/upload1/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>姓名：<input name="sname"></p>
        <p>图片：<input type="file" name="photo"></p>
        <p>&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;<input type="submit"></p>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

37_文件上传_3

Django文件上传

需求

完成学生信息注册操作
将学生信息入库
将上传文件存放至项目下media文件夹下
显示所有学生信息

创建模型类

        from django.db import models


# Create your models here.

class Student(models.Model):
    sname = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    age = models.PositiveIntegerField()
    photo = models.ImageField(upload_to="imgs/")  # 这里用相对路径
    # 上传文件 两种（ImageField(只传图片) / FileField（除了图片， txt文件、视频等都可以））
    # 相当于 文件上传后存储的位置 = settings.py 文件中的 MEDIA_ROOT + upload_to

    def __str__(self):
        return self.sname

    # class Meta:       # 将表映射到数据库时命名为 ‘ t_stu ’用的
    #     db_table = 't_stu'

settings.py文件中文件上传相关设置

        INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'stuapp'    # 增加注册应用
]

# 连接数据库
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# 增加，（也可不增，因为Django已经配置好了）
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
# 增加
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')

映射数据库表

        #在终端中敲命令
python manage.py makemigrations stu
python manage.py migrate

配置URL

demo9/urls.py

        # coding=utf-8
# from django.conf.urls import url, include
# from django.contrib import admin
# 
# from test13.settings import DEBUG, MEDIA_ROOT
# 
# urlpatterns = [
#     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
#     url(r'^stu/', include('stu.urls')),
# ]
# 
# 配置路由读取后台上传文件
# from django.views.static import serve
# 
# if DEBUG:
#     urlpatterns+=url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)/$', serve, {"document_root": MEDIA_ROOT}),



from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include, re_path
from django.views.static import serve

from demo9.settings import DEBUG, MEDIA_ROOT

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('student/', include("stuapp.urls")),
]

if DEBUG:       # 开发调试模式
    urlpatterns.append(re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {'document_root': MEDIA_ROOT}))

stuapp/urls.py

        # coding=utf-8
# 
# from django.conf.urls import url
# import views
# 
# urlpatterns=[
#     url(r'^$',views.index_view),
#     url(r'^upload1/$',views.upload1_view),
#    url(r'^showall/$',views.showall_view),
# ]


from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('upload/', views.upload_view),
    path('showall/', views.showall_view),
]

创建视图

stuapp/views.py

        # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# from __future__ import unicode_literals
# 
# from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
# from django.shortcuts import render
# 
# Create your views here.
# from stu.models import Student
# 
# 显示注册页面
# def index_view(request):
# 
#     return render(request,'index.html')
#     
#    
# django文件上传
# def upload1_view(request):
#     #1.获取请求参数
#     sname = request.POST.get('sname')
#     photo = request.FILES.get('photo')
# 
#     #2.插入数据库
#     stu = Student.objects.create(sname=sname,photo=photo)
# 
#     #3.判断是否注册成功
#     if stu:
#         return HttpResponse('注册成功！')
# 
#     return HttpResponseRedirect('/stu/')
# 
# 显示所有学生信息
# def showall_view(request):
#    #查询所有学生信息
#     stus = Student.objects.all()
# 
#     return render(request,'show.html',{'stus':stus})   




from django.http import HttpResponse, Http404
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from stuapp.models import Student


def upload_view(request):
    # 判断当前请求方式
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "upload.html")
    elif request.method == "POST":
        # 获取请求对象
        sname = request.POST.get("sname", "")
        age = request.POST.get("age", "")
        photo = request.FILES.get("photo", "")

        # 校验上传图片的格式（png/jpg）
        # 获取文件的扩展名
        extendsname = photo.name[photo.name.rindex(".") + 1:]  # rindex(".") 获取字符串最后一个 "." 的索引
        # 判断上传文件是否符合格式要求
        allowedes = ["png", "jpg"]
        if extendsname not in allowedes:
            raise Exception

        # 将数据保存到数据库
        stuObj = Student.objects.create(sname=sname, age=age, photo=photo)

        # 判断是否注册成功
        if stuObj:
            return HttpResponse("注册成功！")
        return HttpResponse("注册失败！")


def showall_view(request):
    # 查询数据库中所有数据
    stus = Student.objects.all()

    return render(request, "show.html", {"stus": stus})

创建模板

templates/upload.html

        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/student/upload/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>姓名：<input type="text" name="sname"></p>
        <p>年龄：<input type="text" name="age"></p>
        <p>头像：<input type="file" name="photo"></p>
        <p>&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;<input type="submit" value="注册"></p>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

templates/show.html

        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="500px">
        <tr>
            <th>编号</th>
            <th>姓名</th>
            <th>年龄</th>
            <th>头像</th>
            <th>操作</th>
        </tr>

        {% for stu in stus %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                <td>{{ stu.sname }}</td>
                <td>{{ stu.age }}</td>
                <td><img width="150px" src="/media/{{ stu.photo }}"></td>
                <td>操作</td>
            </tr>
        {% endfor %}

    </table>

</body>
</html>

头像读取相关settings.py文件中的设置

        TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                'django.template.context_processors.media'#配置这句话
            ],
        },
    },
]

38_文件下载

文件下载

配置URL

        #coding=utf-8

from django.urls import  re_path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    re_path(r'^download/(.*)$', views.download_view),
]

创建视图

        def download_view(request, photoname):
    # 接收请求参数
    flag = request.GET.get("flag", "")

    # 获取上传文件名
    # imgs/1.jpg

    # 获取文件名
    filename = photoname[photoname.rindex("/") + 1:]
    print(filename)

    # 获取文件所在的存储位置
    url = os.path.join(MEDIA_ROOT, photoname)
    print(url)

    # 预览模式
    with open(url, "rb") as fr:
        content = fr.read()

    reaponse = HttpResponse(content, content_type="image/jpeg")

    if flag == "2":
        # 附件下载模式
        reaponse["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment;filename=" + filename  # 设置响应头
    return reaponse

show.html

        <td>
    <a href="/student/download/{{ stu.photo }}?flag=1">预览查看</a>
    <a href="/student/download/{{ stu.photo }}?flag=2">附件下载</a>
</td>

文件名中文情况

        from django.utils.encoding import escape_uri_path

response['Content-Disposition'] = "attachment; filename*=utf-8''{}".format(escape_uri_path(file_name))

39_重定向_订制错误页面

HttpResponseRedirect('')

302重定向

redirect('')

301重定向
默认302请求可以改为301
redirect('')

1.301：永久性重定向 2.302：临时性重定向

配置URL

        from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
import views


urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^r1/', views.r1_view),
    url(r'^r2/', views.r2_view),
]

配置视图

        #coding=utf-8
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import redirect


def r1_view(request):

    #方式1:302
    # return HttpResponseRedirect('/r2/')
    #方式2：默认302可以转换成301
    # return redirect('/r2/',permanent='True')


    #方式3：
    response = HttpResponse()
    response.status_code=302
    response.setdefault('Location','/r2/')
    return response

def r2_view(request):
    return HttpResponse('hello3')

案例：登录成功跳转成功页面，反之跳转到登录首页

订制错误页面

        #1.在settings文件中修改
DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

#2.在templates目录中创建404.html/500.html

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Day072 Django(八)(9.12)

35_文件上传_1 文件上传实现步骤配置URL # from django.conf.urls import url, includefrom django.urls import path, includefrom django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [ ...
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