由于上篇博客已经把爬取12306功能实现，这篇主要是在上篇文章上进行升级。想知道爬取12306实现过程点击：点我进入python 3爬取12306。这里的图形化界面参考这位博主：点击原博主地址，写的真漂亮，一直以为tkinter写的图形化界面不可能漂亮到哪去，这篇文章就让我改变了认识。就借鉴了他的，果然不是自己写的，调试代码很繁琐，调试了几天，终于弄好了。
先上一张图片镇楼！
环境：python3 +编译器（我用是Python idle 和pycharm）可以用你自己喜欢的编译器。
tkinter（python自带库 图形化界面生成）+time（时间库）
我觉得图形化界面没得什么说的，就是固定的用法， 只是界面的好看与否在于人的想法。所以直接上代码吧，不懂的函数直接百度，一看就明白。这里直接上源代码：总共三个Py文件，一个图形界面，一个爬取12306功能的文件，一个把所有车站和代码关联起来的文件。重点建议理解功能文件。可以看上篇文章：python 3爬取12306
图形界面：
import time,datetime
from tkinter import*
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter.ttk import Treeview
from stationsInfo import station_codes,station_names
from SearchTicketsAPI import *
from datetime import timedelta,date
K = []
D = []
G = []
Z = []
T = []
ticket=[]
def GetStation():
del ticket[:]
# cleanTree()
#cleanTree2()
for item in tree.get_children():
tree.delete(item)
from_station=var_from.get().strip()
to_station=var_to.get().strip()
date=str(number.get())
ticket_list =ShowTicket(station_codes[from_station], station_codes[to_station], date)
i = 0
for item in ticket_list:
if re.match(r'^K', item[0]):
K.append(i)
if re.match(r'^D', item[0]):
D.append(i)
if re.match(r'^G|C', item[0]):
G.append(i)
if re.match(r'^Z', item[0]):
Z.append(i)
if re.match(r'^T', item[0]):
T.append(i)
i = i + 1
length = len(ticket_list)
for i in range(length):
ticket.append(ticket_list[i])
pos = FilterFun()
for i in pos:
tree.insert('', i, values=ticket_list[i])
children = tree.get_children()
for num in range(len(children)):
if (num % 2 == 0):
tree.item(children[num], tags=["evenLine"])
else:
tree.item(children[num], tags=["evenLine2"])
tree.tag_configure("evenLine", background='#DEF1EC')
tree.tag_configure("evenLine2", background='#F1EBDE')
ticket_list = []
def selectall():
if all.get() == '1':
g.set('1')
d.set('1')
z.set('1')
t.set('1')
k.set('1')
else:
g.set('0')
d.set('0')
z.set('0')
t.set('0')
k.set('0')
FilterFun2()
def filterG():
all.set('0')
FilterFun2()
def filterD():
all.set('0')
FilterFun2()
def filterZ():
all.set('0')
FilterFun2()
def filterT():
all.set('0')
FilterFun2()
def filterK():
all.set('0')
FilterFun2()
def cleanTree():
del ticket[:]
for item in tree.get_children():
tree.delete(item)
all.set('0')
selectall()
days.set('1')
def cleanTree2():
for item in tree.get_children():
tree.delete(item)
def FilterFun():
temp = []
if d.get() == '1':
for i in D:
temp.append(i)
if k.get() == '1':
for i in K:
temp.append(i)
if z.get() == '1':
for i in Z:
temp.append(i)
if t.get() == '1':
for i in T:
temp.append(i)
if g.get() == '1':
for i in G:
temp.append(i)
if g.get() == '0' and d.get() == '0' and k.get() == '0' and z.get() == '0' and t.get() == '0':
for i in range(len(ticket)):
temp.append(i)
return temp
def FilterFun2():
cleanTree2()
pos = FilterFun()
for i in pos:
tree.insert('', i, values=ticket[i])
children = tree.get_children()
for num in range(len(children)):
if (num % 2 == 0):
tree.item(children[num], tags=["evenLine"])
else:
tree.item(children[num], tags=["evenLine2"])
tree.tag_configure("evenLine", background='#DEF1EC')
tree.tag_configure("evenLine2", background='#F1EBDE')
window=Tk()
window.geometry("1135x600+400+300")
window.title("火车票查询系统")
window.iconbitmap("train.ico") #左上角图形界面上的那个小图标，需要一个点.ico格式的图，并且命名为train.ico，或者把这行代码去掉，也能运行
#Frame框架，将几个组件放在一起
TopFrame=Frame(window,width=1135,height=150)
TLFrame=Frame(TopFrame,width=985,height=150)
TRFrame=Frame(TopFrame,width=150,height=150)
TLTFrame=Frame(TLFrame,width=985,height=75)
TLBFrame=Frame(TLFrame,width=985,height=75)
Label(TLTFrame,text="始发站:",font=("宋体",11)).pack(side=LEFT)
#StringVar跟踪变量的值的变化，以保证值的变更随时可以显示在界面上
var_from=StringVar()
From_s=Entry(TLTFrame,textvariable=var_from,width=14).pack(side=LEFT)
Label(TLTFrame,text="终点站:",font=("宋体",11),padx=20).pack(side=LEFT)
var_to=StringVar()
to_s=Entry(TLTFrame,textvariable=var_to,width=14).pack(side=LEFT)
#创建一个下拉列表
Label(TLTFrame,text="出发日期:",font=("宋体",11),padx=20).pack(side=LEFT)
number=StringVar()
numberChose=ttk.Combobox(TLTFrame,width=12,textvariable=number)
values=[]
y=int(time.strftime("%Y",time.localtime()))
m=int(time.strftime("%m",time.localtime()))
d=int(time.strftime("%d",time.localtime()))
i=0
yy=y
mm=m
dd=d
while i<20:#20天数据
if m in (1,3,5,7,8,10,12):
if d+i>31:
dd=d+i-31
mm=m+1
if mm>12:
yy=y+1
mm-=12
else: dd=d+i
elif m in (4,6,9,11):
if d+i>30:
dd=d+i-30
mm=m+1
if mm>12:
yy=y+1
mm-=12
else: dd=d+i
else:
if d+i>28:
dd=d+i-28
mm=m+1
if mm>12:
yy=y+1
mm-=12
else: dd=d+i
Time='%d-%02d-%02d'%(yy,mm,dd)
values.append(Time)
i+=1
numberChose['values']=tuple(values)
numberChose.current(0)# 设置下拉列表默认显示的值，0为 numberChosen['values'] 的下标值
numberChose.pack(side=LEFT)
Label(TRFrame, text='查询天数：', font=('宋体', (11)),padx=5).pack(side=LEFT)
days = StringVar()
daysEntry = Entry(TRFrame, textvariable=days, width=5).pack(side=LEFT)
days.set('1')
Label(TRFrame,text=' ',font=("宋体",(11)),padx=5).pack(side=LEFT)
search=Button(TRFrame,text='查询余票',width=10,command=GetStation,bg='Cyan').pack(side=LEFT)
#Label(TRFrame,text=' ',font=("宋体",(11)),padx=5).pack(side=LEFT)
TLFrame.pack(side=LEFT)
TLTFrame.pack(side=TOP)
TLBFrame.pack(side=BOTTOM)
TRFrame.pack(side=RIGHT)
TopFrame.pack(side=TOP,pady=5)
# 车型选择
Label(TLBFrame, text='车次类型：', font=('宋体', (11))).pack(side=LEFT)
all = StringVar()
g = StringVar()
d = StringVar()
z = StringVar()
t = StringVar()
k = StringVar()
Checkbutton(TLBFrame, text = '全部',padx=10,variable = all,command=selectall).pack(side=LEFT)
Checkbutton(TLBFrame, text = 'G/C-高铁/城际',padx=10, command=filterG, variable = g).pack(side=LEFT)
Checkbutton(TLBFrame, text = 'D-动车',padx=10,variable = d,command=filterD).pack(side=LEFT)
Checkbutton(TLBFrame, text = 'Z-直达',padx=10,variable = z,command=filterZ).pack(side=LEFT)
Checkbutton(TLBFrame, text = 'T-特快',padx=10,variable = t,command=filterT).pack(side=LEFT)
Checkbutton(TLBFrame, text = 'K-快车',padx=10,variable = k,command=filterK).pack(side=LEFT)
all.set('0')
d.set('0')
g.set('0')
t.set('0')
k.set('0')
z.set('0')
# 车票展示
ShowFrame = Frame(window, width=780, height=450, bg='pink')
ShowFrame.pack(side=TOP)
scrollBar = Scrollbar(ShowFrame)
scrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)
tree = Treeview(ShowFrame,
columns=('c0','c1','c2','c3','c4','c5','c6','c7','c8','c9','c10','c11','c12','c13','c14','c15'),
show="headings",
height=540,
yscrollcommand=scrollBar.set)
tree.column('c0',width=50,anchor='center')
tree.column('c1',width=100,anchor='center')
tree.column('c2',width=100,anchor='center')
tree.column('c3',width=100,anchor='center')
tree.column('c4',width=50,anchor='center')
tree.column('c5',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c6',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c7',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c8',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c9',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c10',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c11',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c12',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c13',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c14',width=60,anchor='center')
tree.column('c15',width=60,anchor='center')
#显示车次,出发/到达站,出发/到达时间,历时,商务座,一等座,二等座,软卧,动卧,硬卧,硬座,无座
tree.heading('c0',text='车次')
tree.heading('c1',text='出发/到达站')
tree.heading('c2',text='出发/到达时间')
tree.heading('c3',text='历时')
tree.heading('c4',text='商务座')
tree.heading('c5',text='一等座')
tree.heading('c6',text='二等座')
tree.heading('c7',text='高级软卧')
tree.heading('c8',text='软卧')
tree.heading('c9',text='动卧')
tree.heading('c10',text='硬卧')
tree.heading('c11',text='软座')
tree.heading('c12',text='硬座')
tree.heading('c13',text='无座')
tree.heading('c14',text='其他')
tree.heading('c15',text='备注')
tree.pack(side=LEFT,fill=BOTH)
window.mainloop()
功能文件：
#
import requests,re,datetime,time,json
from tkinter import*
from tkinter import messagebox
from datetime import timedelta,date
from prettytable import PrettyTable
from stationsInfo import station_codes,station_names
def getHtmltext(url,headers):
r=requests.get(url,headers=headers)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding=r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
def Show(html):
html = json.loads(html)
table = PrettyTable(
["车次", "出发/到达车站", "出发/到达时间", "历时", "商务座", "一等座", "二等座", "高级软卧", "软卧", "动卧", "硬卧", "软座", "硬座", "无座", "其他",
"备注"])
tickets = []
for i in html['data']['result']:
name = [
"station_train_code",
"from_station_name",
'start_time',
"lishi",
"swz_num",
"zy_num",
"ze_num",
"gr_num",
"rw_num",
"dw_num",
"yw_num",
"rz_num",
"yz_num",
"wz_num",
"qt_num",
"note_num"
]
data = {
"station_train_code": '',
"from_station_name": '',
"to_station_name": '',
'start_time': '',
'end': '',
"lishi": '',
"swz_num": '',
"zy_num": '',
"ze_num": '',
"dw_num": '',
"gr_num": '',
"rw_num": '',
"yw_num": '',
"rz_num": '',
"yz_num": '',
"wz_num": '',
"qt_num": '',
"note_num": ''
}
item = i.split('|') # 用"|"进行分割
data['station_train_code'] = item[3] # 车次在3号位置
data['from_station_name'] = item[6] # 始发站信息在6号位置
data['to_station_name'] = item[7] # 终点站信息在7号位置
data['start_time'] = item[8] # 出发时间信息在8号位置
data['arrive_time'] = item[9] # 抵达时间在9号位置
data['lishi'] = item[10] # 经历时间在10号位置
data['swz_num'] = item[32] or item[25] # 特别注意：商务座在32或25位置
data['zy_num'] = item[31] # 一等座信息在31号位置
data['ze_num'] = item[30] # 二等座信息在30号位置
data['gr_num'] = item[21] # 高级软卧信息在31号位置
data['rw_num'] = item[23] # 软卧信息在23号位置
data['dw_num'] = item[27] # 动卧信息在27号位置
data['yw_num'] = item[28] # 硬卧信息在28号位置
data['rz_num'] = item[24] # 软座信息在24号位置
data['yz_num'] = item[29] # 硬座信息在29号位置
data['wz_num'] = item[26] # 无座信息在26号位置
data['qt_num'] = item[22] # 其他信息在22号位置
data['note_num'] = item[1] # 备注在1号位置
# 如果没有信息用'-'代替
for pos in name:
if data[pos] == '':
data[pos] = '-'
cont = []
cont.append(data)
for x in cont:
tmp = []
for y in name:
if y == "from_station_name":
s = station_names[data['from_station_name']] + '--' +station_names[data["to_station_name"]]
tmp.append(s)
elif y == "start_time":
s =data['start_time']+ '--' +data["arrive_time"]
tmp.append(s)
elif y == "station_train_code":
s =data['station_train_code']
tmp.append(s)
else:
tmp.append(data[y])
tickets.append(tmp)
"""
for ticket in tickets:
table.add_row(ticket)
print(table)
"""
return tickets
def ShowTicket(from_station,to_station,date):
time = str(date)
from_station = from_station
to_station = to_station
url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?"
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.5702.400 QQBrowser/10.2.1893.400"
}
# time=entry_time.get()
# start=entry_start.get()
# end=entry_end.get()
url = url + 'leftTicketDTO.train_date=' + time + '&leftTicketDTO.from_station=' + from_station + '&leftTicketDTO.to_station=' + to_station + '&purpose_codes=ADULT'
html = getHtmltext(url, headers)
tickets=Show(html)
return tickets
车站和车站代码关联：
import re,requests
url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.8971'
response = requests.get(url, verify=False)
stations = re.findall(r'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)', response.text)
station_codes=dict(stations)
station_names=dict(zip(station_codes.values(),station_codes.keys()))
把三个文件放在同一目录下，运行图形界面就ok了！！就能成功如博主最开始截图一样查票了。
如果对你有用请给博主点赞~~谢谢~~
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