CentOS7 PXE安装批量安装操作系统

1、Environment 

CentOS7 Server Version

CentOS7 node7， IP Address 192.168.121.17

2、步骤如下：

（1）安装需要的软件包

[root@node7 ~]# yum -y install tftp-server httpd dhcp syslinux

（2）配置DHCP：

[root@node7 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

[root@node7 ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "galaxy.com";
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#ddns-update-style none;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the 
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

#192.168.121.17是node7的IP地址，range表示的地址池
subnet 192.168.121.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    range 192.168.121.20 192.168.121.200;
    option routers 192.168.121.17;
    filename "pxelinux.0";
    next-server 192.168.121.17;
}

# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

#subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
#  range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;
#  option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
#}

# This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses,
# which we don't really recommend.

#subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
#  range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60;
#  option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;
#  option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;
#}

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
#  range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
#  option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
#  option domain-name "internal.example.org";
#  option routers 10.5.5.1;
#  option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
#  default-lease-time 600;
#  max-lease-time 7200;
#}

# Hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in
# host statements.   If no address is specified, the address will be
# allocated dynamically (if possible), but the host-specific information
# will still come from the host declaration.

#host passacaglia {
#  hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;
#  filename "vmunix.passacaglia";
#  server-name "toccata.fugue.com";
#}

# Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts.   These addresses
# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.
# Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using
# BOOTP or DHCP.   Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only
# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet
# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag
# set.
#host fantasia {
#  hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;
#  fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com;
#}

# You can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation
# based on that.   The example below shows a case where all clients
# in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all
# other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet.

#class "foo" {
#  match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = "SUNW";
#}

#shared-network 224-29 {
#  subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
#    option routers rtr-224.example.org;
#  }
#  subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
#    option routers rtr-29.example.org;
#  }
#  pool {
#    allow members of "foo";
#    range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250;
#  }
#  pool {
#    deny members of "foo";
#    range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
#  }
#}

[root@node7 ~]# systemctl start dhcpd.service

（3）配置tftp-server服务

[root@node7 ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp #基本不用修改配置文件
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#	protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#	workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#	and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
	socket_type		= dgram
	protocol		= udp
	wait			= yes
	user			= root
	server			= /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
	server_args		= -s /var/lib/tftpboot
	disable			= yes
	per_source		= 11
	cps			= 100 2
	flags			= IPv4
}

[root@node7 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service 
[Unit]
Description=Tftp Server
Requires=tftp.socketDocumentation=man:in.tftpd[Service]ExecStart=/usr/sbin/in.tftpd -s /var/lib/tftpbootStandardInput=socket[Install]Also=tftp.socket

启动tftp-server服务：
[root@node7 ~]# systemctl start tftp.socket
如果UDP的69号端口启动，说明已经启动了tftp服务

设定PXE相关的文件：
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/{chain.c32,mboot.c32,menu.c32,memdisk} /var/lib/tftpboot/
cp /media/cdrom/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/	#基于pxe安装使用的光盘上的文件（自己本地挂载光盘即可）或者是yum仓库里
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
vim default  #default的文件内容如下
default menu.c32		#加载时显示的默认菜单控制的程序
  prompt 5			#显示提示符时间
  timeout 30			#超时时长
  MENU TITLE CentOS 7 PXE Menu			#标题为CentOS7 PXE Menu

  LABEL linux			#指明下面菜单项的label
  MENU LABEL Install CentOS 7 x86_64		#菜单的label
  KERNEL vmlinuz		#指明kernel文件
  APPEND initrd=initrd.img inst.repo=http://192.168.121.17/centos7 ks=http://192.168.121.17/centos7.cfg		#附加给kernel的参数，inst.repo可以是教室的ftp服务器，或者把光盘当做yum仓库，把它作为一个网站的访问就可以了

（4）接下来在Vmware 下面挂载光盘

mkdir -pv /media/cdrom
mount -r /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos7/
mount --bind /media/cdrom /var/www/html/centos7

配置kickstart文件：该kickstart文件是CentOS7 最小化安装的一部分+system-config-kickstart 命令创建的kickstart文件（强烈建议在desktop centos7 上面操作system-config-kickstart命令）的合集


[root@node7 html]# pwd
/var/www/html
[root@node7 html]# ls
centos7  centos7.cfg
[root@node7 html]# cat centos7.cfg 
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$1Yz7yBap$ULm/SsQw.7sOa73ZgXgOH1    #密码是123456，只不过此处是加密的文件
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use network installation
url --url="http://192.168.121.17/centos7"    #根据自己的环境进行设定
# System language
lang en_US
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled

# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777736
# Halt after installation
halt
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=none
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information    #分区设定
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=102400


%packages    #最小化安装
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

最后创建一个新的虚拟机，然后设定VMware 的网卡，设定为192.168.121.17为同一个网络段，可以设定为同一个交换机段即可：





最后的效果如下：




不过到此时 可能是VMware的问题，始终界面打开是黑屏不知道为何，在BIOS设定中也没有找到相关的VT选项，物理机应该是没有问题的。