呵呵,说揭秘其实是说给自己听的,因为今天做了个MFC多线程优先级的例子,在线程里面使用了AfxGetMainWnd()->MDIGetActive(),返回值类型暂不讨论,就是这套东西在线程中具有诡异现象,查了一点说是线程里面有个map记录了窗口指针和其句柄的映射关系,使得有些指针不好使。等查明后在补全这里。
今天主要写的是另一个问题,创建工作线程时,AfxBeginThread返回的CWinThread的对象指针所指的对象在默认情况下会自动删除。如果你不想让他自己删除,而且自己想查看线程信息的话,只需要在创建之后,用返回的CWinThread对象指针来设置m_bAutoDelete成员变量为FALSE即可。
而我很好奇的是,为什么返回的CWinThread可以自动删除呢?
其实光看别人说的自己知道遍罢,其实《深入浅出MFC》中侯老爷子谆谆教导:“在线程结束时,记得把该对象释放掉(利用delete)。”,就是因为这句话,让我的程序中断好几次,错误居然是销毁已经清理了的内存空间。后来查最新资料才知道,默认是会自动删除的。可能侯老爷子当时版本太低,或者其他原因吧。但是侯老爷子说过:“学一样东西,只知道怎么用,但不明白其中的道理,实在是不高明”。再加上本身我就是遇到问题非得心里有底才行,光听别人说是这样,不明白为什么,总觉得心里用的不踏实。好了,废话就不说了,切入正题。
为什么AfxBeginThread函数动态创建的对象会在线程结束后自动销毁呢?难道是有什么消息映射?任何东西究其根源离不开他本身,先去看看AfxbeginThread的源码:
- CWinThread* AFXAPI AfxBeginThread(AFX_THREADPROC pfnThreadProc, LPVOID pParam,
- int nPriority, UINT nStackSize, DWORD dwCreateFlags,
- LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttrs)
- {
- #ifndef _MT
- pfnThreadProc;
- pParam;
- nPriority;
- nStackSize;
- dwCreateFlags;
- lpSecurityAttrs;
- return NULL;
- #else
- ASSERT(pfnThreadProc != NULL);
- CWinThread* pThread = DEBUG_NEW CWinThread(pfnThreadProc, pParam);
- ASSERT_VALID(pThread);
- if (!pThread->CreateThread(dwCreateFlags|CREATE_SUSPENDED, nStackSize,
- lpSecurityAttrs))
- {
- pThread->Delete();
- return NULL;
- }
- VERIFY(pThread->SetThreadPriority(nPriority));
- if (!(dwCreateFlags & CREATE_SUSPENDED))
- VERIFY(pThread->ResumeThread() != (DWORD)-1);
- return pThread;
- #endif //!_MT)
- }
没有发现什么端倪,一切很合情合理。但是书上说过AfxEndThread()就像,_beginthread和_endthread一样配对。那让我们去看一下AfxEndThread()。下面是源码:
- void AFXAPI AfxEndThread(UINT nExitCode, BOOL bDelete)
- {
- #ifndef _MT
- nExitCode;
- bDelete;
- #else
- // remove current CWinThread object from memory
- AFX_MODULE_THREAD_STATE* pState = AfxGetModuleThreadState();
- CWinThread* pThread = pState->m_pCurrentWinThread;
- if (pThread != NULL)
- {
- ASSERT_VALID(pThread);
- ASSERT(pThread != AfxGetApp());
- // cleanup OLE if required
- if (pThread->m_lpfnOleTermOrFreeLib != NULL)
- (*pThread->m_lpfnOleTermOrFreeLib)(TRUE, FALSE);
- if (bDelete)
- pThread->Delete();
- pState->m_pCurrentWinThread = NULL;
- }
- // allow cleanup of any thread local objects
- AfxTermThread();
- // allow C-runtime to cleanup, and exit the thread
- _endthreadex(nExitCode);
- #endif //!_MT
- }
其中我们看到bDelete,原来删除工作都在这呢,看:
if(bDelete)
pThread->Delete();
那么我们去看看CWinThread::Delete():
- void CWinThread::Delete()
- {
- // delete thread if it is auto-deleting
- if (m_bAutoDelete)
- delete this;
- }
原来,如果m_bAutoDelete是真时,这个函数内部会将自己删除。
这么看来,我们可以大胆猜测,肯定是线程函数结束后自动调用了这个函数。而我们看的这几个代码,全然没有。但是我们还有一个重要的函数没有看:那么就AfxBeginThread里面的CWinThread::CreateThread。让我们去看看:
- BOOL CWinThread::CreateThread(DWORD dwCreateFlags, UINT nStackSize,
- LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttrs)
- {
- #ifndef _MT
- dwCreateFlags;
- nStackSize;
- lpSecurityAttrs;
- return FALSE;
- #else
- ENSURE(m_hThread == NULL); // already created?
- // setup startup structure for thread initialization
- _AFX_THREAD_STARTUP startup; memset(&startup, 0, sizeof(startup));
- startup.pThreadState = AfxGetThreadState();
- startup.pThread = this;
- startup.hEvent = ::CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
- startup.hEvent2 = ::CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
- startup.dwCreateFlags = dwCreateFlags;
- if (startup.hEvent == NULL || startup.hEvent2 == NULL)
- {
- TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: CreateEvent failed in CWinThread::CreateThread./n");
- if (startup.hEvent != NULL)
- ::CloseHandle(startup.hEvent);
- if (startup.hEvent2 != NULL)
- ::CloseHandle(startup.hEvent2);
- return FALSE;
- }
- // create the thread (it may or may not start to run)
- m_hThread = (HANDLE)(ULONG_PTR)_beginthreadex(lpSecurityAttrs, nStackSize,
- &_AfxThreadEntry, &startup, dwCreateFlags | CREATE_SUSPENDED, (UINT*)&m_nThreadID);
- if (m_hThread == NULL)
- {
- ::CloseHandle(startup.hEvent);
- ::CloseHandle(startup.hEvent2);
- return FALSE;
- }
- ...
- #endif //!_MT
- }
其中一些与本问题关联不大的代码我就...,你懂的。其中的_beginthreadex最为关键,你看它传递的函数地址居然是_AfxThreadEntry这个鬼东西。还传递了一个startup(它主要做线程初始化工作的)。居然没有到我们指定函数地址去。无论什么线程函数,用mfc创建的时候先进入它自己的线程。那我们心里面就有点闪光了,莫非mfc在_AfxThreadEntry里面...,对,你懂滴。
让我们看看这个_AfxThreadEntry鬼东西:
- UINT APIENTRY _AfxThreadEntry(void* pParam)
- {
- _AFX_THREAD_STARTUP* pStartup = (_AFX_THREAD_STARTUP*)pParam;
- ASSERT(pStartup != NULL);
- ASSERT(pStartup->pThreadState != NULL);
- ASSERT(pStartup->pThread != NULL);
- ASSERT(pStartup->hEvent != NULL);
- ASSERT(!pStartup->bError);
- CWinThread* pThread = pStartup->pThread;
- CWnd threadWnd;
- TRY
- {
- // inherit parent's module state
- _AFX_THREAD_STATE* pThreadState = AfxGetThreadState();
- pThreadState->m_pModuleState = pStartup->pThreadState->m_pModuleState;
- // set current thread pointer for AfxGetThread
- AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();
- pThread->m_pModuleState = pModuleState;
- AFX_MODULE_THREAD_STATE* pState = pModuleState->m_thread;
- pState->m_pCurrentWinThread = pThread;
- // forced initialization of the thread
- AfxInitThread();
- // thread inherits app's main window if not already set
- CWinApp* pApp = AfxGetApp();
- if (pApp != NULL &&
- pThread->m_pMainWnd == NULL && pApp->m_pMainWnd->GetSafeHwnd() != NULL)
- {
- // just attach the HWND
- threadWnd.Attach(pApp->m_pMainWnd->m_hWnd);
- pThread->m_pMainWnd = &threadWnd;
- }
- }
- CATCH_ALL(e)
- {
- // Note: DELETE_EXCEPTION(e) not required.
- // exception happened during thread initialization!!
- TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Error during thread initialization!/n");
- // set error flag and allow the creating thread to notice the error
- threadWnd.Detach();
- pStartup->bError = TRUE;
- VERIFY(::SetEvent(pStartup->hEvent));
- AfxEndThread((UINT)-1, FALSE);
- ASSERT(FALSE); // unreachable
- }
- END_CATCH_ALL
- ......
- // first -- check for simple worker thread
- DWORD nResult = 0;
- if (pThread->m_pfnThreadProc != NULL)
- {
- nResult = (*pThread->m_pfnThreadProc)(pThread->m_pThreadParams);
- ASSERT_VALID(pThread);
- }
- // else -- check for thread with message loop
- else if (!pThread->InitInstance())
- {
- ASSERT_VALID(pThread);
- nResult = pThread->ExitInstance();
- }
- else
- {
- // will stop after PostQuitMessage called
- ASSERT_VALID(pThread);
- nResult = pThread->Run();
- }
- // cleanup and shutdown the thread
- threadWnd.Detach();
- AfxEndThread(nResult);
- return 0; // not reached
- }
你看58行:
nResult = (*pThread->m_pfnThreadProc)(pThread->m_pThreadParams);
还有最后那行:
AfxEndThread(nResult);
原来啊,我们自己的线程函数在mfc的线程函数成了函数调用了。呵呵。最后这个AfxEndThread(nResult),就是我们一直找的。
其实我们可以在自己的线程里直接用AfxEngThread来清理CWinThread对象,这样mfc的线程自己在调用的AfxEndThread的时候,里面有自检机制,就不会再销毁一次了。
源码说明一切。侯老爷子说的。