Hdu 4219 Randomization?【树型Dp】好题~但是好难呀.

Randomization?

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 297    Accepted Submission(s): 171

Problem Description

Random is the real life. What we see and sense everyday are absolutely randomly happened. Randomization is the process of making something random, as the nature.
Given a tree with N nodes, to be more precisely, a tree is a graph in which each pair of nodes has and only has one path. All of the edges’ length is a random integer lies in interval [0, L] with equal probability. iSea want to know the probability to form a tree, whose edges’ length are randomly generated in the given interval, and in which the path's length of every two nodes does not exceed S.

 

Input

The first line contains a single integer T, indicating the number of test cases.
Each test case includes three integers N, L, S. Then N - 1 lines following, each line contains two integers Ai and Bi, describing an edge of the tree.

Technical Specification
1. 1 <= T <= 512
2. 1 <= N <= 64
3. 1 <= L <= 8, 1 <= S <= 512
4. 1 <= Ai, Bi <= N

 

Output

For each test case, output the case number first, then the probability rounded to six fractional digits.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   3
2 3 2
1 2
4 3 4
1 2
2 3
3 4
7 4 10
1 2
2 3
4 5
2 6
4 7
4 6
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   Case 1: 0.750000
Case 2: 0.500000
Case 3: 0.624832
  
  

 

Author

iSea@WHU

 

Source

首届华中区程序设计邀请赛暨第十届武汉大学程序设计大赛

树型Dp都好难呀、

题目大意：

给你N个点构成的一棵树。每条边的权值可以设定为【0，L】区间内的任意一个价值，问任意两点间距离都不超过S的设定方案的概率。

思路：

思路参考自网络代码，看懂好难呀。

①设定Dp【u】【len】表示从节点u到以节点u为根的子树中的所有点的最大距离是len的概率，并且需要奥正其子树节点中两两距离不超过S。

②那么考虑两两子节点进行合并（哇第一次见这种骚操作。）

③设定Dist【i】表示当前子节点v的子树中，距离节点u的最远距离为i的概率。

那么有：Dist【k+j】+=dp【v】【k】*(1/(L+1))这里j是枚举的从节点v到节点u这条路径上的长度。

④再设定temp【i】表示合并完当前节点v之后的dp【u】【i】的答案。

那么有：temp【max(j,k)】+=dp【u】【k】*Dist【j】；这里需要同时保证j+k<=S;

接下来每次合并结束之后，将dp【u】【i】更新为temp【i】，然后考虑合并下一个子节点v.

Ac代码：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
vector<int>mp[150];
double dp[65][515];
int n,L,S;
double mm;
double Dist[525];
double temp[525];
void Dfs(int u,int from)
{
    mm=1;
    mm/=(double)(L+1);
    for(int i=0; i<=S; i++)dp[u][i]=0;
    dp[u][0]=1;
    for(int i=0;i<mp[u].size();i++)
    {
        int v=mp[u][i];
        if(v==from)continue;
        else
        {
            Dfs(v,u);
            for(int j=0;j<=S;j++)
            {
                Dist[j]=temp[j]=0;
            }
            for(int j=0;j<=L;j++)
            {
                for(int k=0;k<=S;k++)
                {
                    if(j+k<=S)
                    Dist[j+k]+=mm*dp[v][k];
                }
            }
            for(int j=0;j<=S;j++)
            {
                for(int k=0;k<=S-j;k++)
                {
                    temp[max(j,k)]+=dp[u][k]*Dist[j];
                }
            }
            for(int j=0;j<=S;j++)dp[u][j]=temp[j];
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    int t;
    int kase=0;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
        scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&L,&S);
        for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)mp[i].clear();
        for(int i=0; i<n-1; i++)
        {
            int x,y;
            scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
            mp[x].push_back(y);
            mp[y].push_back(x);
        }
        Dfs(1,-1);
        double output=0;
        for(int i=0; i<=S; i++)
        {
            output+=dp[1][i];
        }
        printf("Case %d: %.6f\n",++kase,output);
    }
}