Spring IoC注入三种方式

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 09:30:00 发布

Mercuriooo

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 09:30:00 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mercuriooo/article/details/104022839

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本文详细介绍了Spring IoC容器中的三种注入方式：setter & getter注入、构造方法注入和p命名空间注入。通过示例展示了在XML配置文件中如何使用这三种方式，并强调了构造方法注入时参数顺序的重要性以及p命名空间中不同类型属性的赋值规则。

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三种注入方式:

setter & getter 注入
构造函数注入
p命名空间注入

有两个实体类

student:

public class Student {
	String name;
	int number;
	int age;
	public Student() {
		
	}
	public Student(String name, int number, int age) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.number = number;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}
	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name=" + name + ", number=" + number + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
	
	
}

teacher:

public class Teacher {
	String name;
	Student student;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Student getStudent() {
		return student;
	}
	public void setStudent(Student student) {
		this.student = student;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Teacher [name=" + name + ", student=" + student + "]";
	}
}

setter & getter 注入

这个要求在实体类中有setXxxx()
比如

public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}

在xml中的形式:

	<bean id="student" class= "org.ljn.entity.Student">
		<property name="name" value="ljn" />
		<property name="age" value="20" />
		<property name="number" value="28" />	
	</bean>

构造方法注入

直接写的方式,必须按照顺序

<bean id="student1" class= "org.ljn.entity.Student">
	<!-- name,number,age -->
	<constructor-arg value = "jack"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg value = "123"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg value = "35"></constructor-arg>
</bean>

不按照顺序,加上index(从0开始)

<bean id="student2" class= "org.ljn.entity.Student">
	<constructor-arg index="1" value = "35"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg index="2" value = "123"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg index="0" value = "jack"></constructor-arg>
</bean>

p命名空间

首先要在namespace里面加上p的那个
在这里插入图片描述
这么写👇

<bean id="teacher" class = "org.ljn.entity.Teacher" 
	p:student-ref="student1" 
	p:name="ls">
</bean>

两种写法:

简单类型、String：p:属性名=“属性值”
引用类型（除了String外）：p:属性名-ref=“引用的id”
注意多个 p赋值的时候要有空格。

比如上面的name是String类型就写 p:name=xxx
是引用类型:p:student-ref=xxxx

汇总

Student

package org.ljn.entity;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Student {
String name;
int number;
int age;
public Student() {
	
}
public Student(String name, int number, int age) {
	super();
	this.name = name;
	this.number = number;
	this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public int getNumber() {
	return number;
}
public void setNumber(int number) {
	this.number = number;
}
public int getAge() {
	return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
	this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Student [name=" + name + ", number=" + number + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}

}

Teacher

package org.ljn.entity;


public class Teacher {
	String name;
	Student student;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Student getStudent() {
		return student;
	}
	public void setStudent(Student student) {
		this.student = student;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Teacher [name=" + name + ", student=" + student + "]";
	}
	
	
	
	
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
	<bean id="student" class= "org.ljn.entity.Student">
		<property name="name" value="ljn" />
		<property name="age" value="20" />
		<property name="number" value="28" />	
	</bean>

	<bean id="student1" class= "org.ljn.entity.Student">
	<!-- name,number,age -->
		<constructor-arg value = "jack"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value = "123"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value = "35"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="student2" class= "org.ljn.entity.Student">
	<!-- name,number,age -->
		<constructor-arg index="1" value = "35"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg index="2" value = "123"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg index="0" value = "jack"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
	
	<bean id="teacher" class = "org.ljn.entity.Teacher" p:student-ref="student1" p:name="ls"></bean>
</beans>

测试类Test

package org.ljn.test;

import org.ljn.entity.Student;
import org.ljn.entity.Teacher;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		Student student = (Student)context.getBean("student");
		Student student1 = (Student)context.getBean("student1");
		Student student2 = (Student)context.getBean("student2");
		Teacher teacher = (Teacher)context.getBean("teacher");
		System.out.println(student);
		System.out.println(student1);
		System.out.println(student2);
		System.out.println(teacher);
	}
}