epoll的条件触发和边缘触发

目录

条件触发：

边缘触发：

边缘触发服务器端的实现方法：

---

“条件触发(Level Trigger)中，只要输入缓冲区中有数据就会一直通知该事件”

eg：服务器端接收缓冲区收到50字节的数据时，服务器端操作系统将通知该事件，但服务器端读取20字节还剩30字节的情况下，仍会注册事件。也就是说，条件触发方式中，只要接收缓冲区中还有数据，就将以事件方式再次注册。

边缘触发（Edge Trigger）中接收缓冲区收到数据时仅注册1次该事件，即使接收缓冲区中还有数据，也不会再进行注册。

条件触发：

/*echo_EPLTserv.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 4
#define EPOLL_SIZE 50

void error_handling(char *message);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int serv_sock, clnt_sock;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, clnt_addr;
    socklen_t adr_sz;
    int str_len, i;
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

    struct epoll_event *ep_events;
    struct epoll_event event;
    int epfd, event_cnt;

    if(argc != 2)
    {
        printf("Usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }

    serv_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr));
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1]));

    if(bind(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1)
    {
        error_handling("bind() error");
    }
    if(listen(serv_sock, 5) == -1)
    {
        error_handling("listen() error");
    }

    epfd = epoll_create(EPOLL_SIZE);
    ep_events = malloc(sizeof(struct epoll_event) * EPOLL_SIZE);

    event.events = EPOLLIN;
    event.data.fd = serv_sock;
    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, serv_sock, &event);

    while(1)
    {
        event_cnt = epoll_wait(epfd, ep_events, EPOLL_SIZE, -1);
        if(event_cnt == -1)
        {
            puts("epoll_wait() error");
        }
        else
        {
            puts("return epoll_wait()");
            for(i = 0; i < event_cnt; i++)
            {
                if(ep_events[i].data.fd == serv_sock)
                {
                    adr_sz = sizeof(clnt_addr);
                    clnt_sock = accept(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&clnt_addr, &adr_sz);
                    event.events= EPOLLIN;
                    event.data.fd = clnt_sock;
                    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, clnt_sock, &event);
                    printf("connected client:%d\n",clnt_sock);
                }
                else
                {
                    str_len = read(ep_events[i].data.fd, buf, BUF_SIZE);
                    if(str_len == 0)
                    {
                        epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ep_events[i].data.fd, NULL);
                        close(ep_events[i].data.fd);
                        printf("closed client:%d\n", ep_events[i].data.fd);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        buf[str_len] = '\0';
                        printf("str_len:%d,message from hello:%s\n",str_len,buf);
                        write(ep_events[i].data.fd, buf, str_len);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    close(serv_sock);
    close(epfd);
    return 0;
}
void error_handling(char *buf)
{
    fputs(buf, stderr);
    fputc('\n', stderr);
    exit(1);
}

//server
mary@mary:~/code/epoll$ ./echo_EPLTserv 7000
return epoll_wait()
connected client:5
return epoll_wait()
str_len:4,message from hello:hell
return epoll_wait()
str_len:4,message from hello:owor
return epoll_wait()
str_len:3,message from hello:ld

//client
mary@mary:~/code/epoll$ ./client 127.0.0.1 7000
Connected............
input message(Q to quit):helloworld
recv_len:11,message from server:helloworld
input message(Q to quit):

该例与之前的echo_epollserver.c之间的差异如下：

1.将调用read函数时使用的缓冲区大小缩减为4个字节

2.插入验证epoll_wait函数调用次数的语句

减少缓冲区大小时为了阻止服务器端一次性读取接收的数据，调用read函数后，输入缓冲中仍有数据需要读取，会注册新的事件并从epoll_wait函数返回时将循环输出"return epoll_wait”字符串。

边缘触发：

将71行改为event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;

//server
mary@mary:~/code/epoll$ gcc echo_EPETserv.c -o echo_EPETserv
mary@mary:~/code/epoll$ ./echo_EPETserv 7000
return epoll_wait()
connected client:5
return epoll_wait()
str_len:4,message from hello:hell

//client
mary@mary:~/code/epoll$ ./client 127.0.0.1 7000
Connected............
input message(Q to quit):helloserver

"从客户端接收到数据时，仅输出1次‘return epoll_wait’字符串，这意味着仅注册1次事件

从运行结果可以看到，客户端运行发生错误，无法收到服务器的数据 ，阻塞在当前状态

边缘触发服务器端的实现方法：

1.通过errno变量验证错误原因

2.为了完成非阻塞(Non-blocking)I/O,更改套接字特性

Linux的套接字相关函数一般通过返回-1通知发生了错误，虽然知道发生了错误，但是仅凭这些内容无法得知产生错误的原因。因此，为了在发生错误时提供额外的信息，Linux声明了如下全局变量：

int errno；

为了访问改变量，需要引入errno.h文件。

"read函数发现输入缓冲区中没有数据可读时返回-1，同时在errno中保存EAGAIN常量”

#include <fcntl.h>

int fcntl(int filedes, int cmd, ...);
成功时返回cmd参数相关值，失败时返回-1.

filedes:属性更改目标的文件描述符
cmd:表示函数调用的目的

int flag = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0); //获取之前设置的属性信息

fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flag | O_NONBLOCK);//在此基础上添加非阻塞标志

实现边缘触发的回声服务器端：

“边缘触发方式中，接收数据时仅注册1次该事件”

因此，一旦发生输入相关事件，就应该读取输入缓冲中的全部数据，故需要验证输入缓冲是否为空

"read函数返回-1，变量errno中的值为EAGAIN，说明没有数据可读”

/*echo_EPETserv.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 4
#define EPOLL_SIZE 50

void setnonblockingmode(int fd);
void error_handling(char *message);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int serv_sock, clnt_sock;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, clnt_addr;
    socklen_t adr_sz;
    int str_len, i;
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

    struct epoll_event *ep_events;
    struct epoll_event event;
    int epfd, event_cnt;

    if(argc != 2)
    {
        printf("Usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }

    serv_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr));
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1]));

    if(bind(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1)
    {
        error_handling("bind() error");
    }
    if(listen(serv_sock, 5) == -1)
    {
        error_handling("listen() error");
    }

    epfd = epoll_create(EPOLL_SIZE);
    ep_events = malloc(sizeof(struct epoll_event) * EPOLL_SIZE);

    setnonblockingmode(serv_sock);

    event.events = EPOLLIN;
    event.data.fd = serv_sock;
    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, serv_sock, &event);

    while(1)
    {
        event_cnt = epoll_wait(epfd, ep_events, EPOLL_SIZE, -1);
        if(event_cnt == -1)
        {
            puts("epoll_wait() error");
        }
        else
        {
            puts("return epoll_wait()");
            for(i = 0; i < event_cnt; i++)
            {
                if(ep_events[i].data.fd == serv_sock)
                {
                    adr_sz = sizeof(clnt_addr);
                    clnt_sock = accept(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&clnt_addr, &adr_sz);
                    setnonblockingmode(clnt_sock);
                    event.events= EPOLLIN | EPOLLET; //edge trigger
                    event.data.fd = clnt_sock;
                    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, clnt_sock, &event);
                    printf("connected client:%d\n",clnt_sock);
                }
                else
                {
                    while(1)
                    {
                            
                        str_len = read(ep_events[i].data.fd, buf, BUF_SIZE);
                        if(str_len == 0)
                        {
                            epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ep_events[i].data.fd, NULL);
                            close(ep_events[i].data.fd);
                            printf("closed client:%d\n", ep_events[i].data.fd);
                            break;
                        }
                        else if(str_len < 0)
                        {
                            if(errno == EAGAIN)
                            {
                                break;
                            }                   
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            buf[str_len] = '\0';
                            printf("str_len:%d,message from hello:%s\n",str_len,buf);
                            write(ep_events[i].data.fd, buf, str_len);
                        }                   
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    close(serv_sock);
    close(epfd);
    return 0;
}
void error_handling(char *buf)
{
    fputs(buf, stderr);
    fputc('\n', stderr);
    exit(1);
}
void setnonblockingmode(int fd)
{
    int flag = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flag | O_NONBLOCK);
}

//server
mary@mary:~/code/epoll$ ./echo_EPETserv 8000
return epoll_wait()
connected client:5
return epoll_wait()
str_len:4,message from hello:hell
str_len:4,message from hello:owor
str_len:3,message from hello:ld

return epoll_wait()
str_len:4,message from hello:do y
str_len:4,message from hello:ou l
str_len:4,message from hello:ike 
str_len:4,message from hello:comp
str_len:4,message from hello:uter
str_len:4,message from hello: pro
str_len:4,message from hello:gram
str_len:4,message from hello:ming
str_len:2,message from hello:?

return epoll_wait()
closed client:5


//client
mary@mary:~/code/epoll$ ./client 127.0.0.1 8000
Connected............
input message(Q to quit):helloworld
recv_len:11,message from server:helloworld
input message(Q to quit):do you like computer programming?
recv_len:34,message from server:do you like computer programming?
input message(Q to quit):q