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ArcGIS 空间查询
Nine-intersection Model( 九交模型 )
为啥开篇不直接进入主题,而要单独说一说九交模型?肯定是有原因的,当你读完全文,你就能发现问题的关键所在!
九交模型是 OGC ( Open Geospatial Consortium ,开放空间信息协会)制定的一套适用空间查询的一套模型。九交模型根据不同维度,不同类型的几何对象之间的空间关系来定义空间查询的基本算子。
基本的几何对象元素有点,线,面,它们都有很明确的边界,内部,外部。相关定义如表 1 :
几何对象 | 边界 | 内部 | 外部 |
点 | 无边界 | 点本身 | 点对象以外的区域
|
线 | 线对象的端点 | 除端点外的线对象 | 线对象外的区域
|
面 | 面对象控制边 | 面对象除边界后的区域 | 面对象本身外的区域 |
表 1
熟悉了这些基本的定义之后,我们进一步接触的就应该算是交九模型的核心,如何对空间关系进行推算:
九交模型通过比较两个或者多个对象的外部,边界,和内部,并求交,考虑求交结果的维度,故适合于各种对象。
任意对象 a 、 b :
| 边界 (b) | 内部 (b) | 外部 (b) |
边界 (a) | dim(I(a) intersect I(b)) | dim(I(a) intersect I(b)) | dim(I(a) intersect I(b))
|
内部 (a) | dim(I(a) intersect I(b))
| dim(I(a) intersect I(b))
| dim(I(a) intersect I(b))
|
外部 (a) | dim(I(a) intersect I(b))
| dim(I(a) intersect I(b))
| dim(I(a) intersect I(b))
|
表 2
dim(dimension) 的返回值:有 -1 , 0 , 1 , 2. 分别代表不同的含义,如下 :
T: 交集存在, dim=0 , 1 或 2 ;
F: 交集不存在, dim=-1 ;
0: 交集存在,但其最高维度必须是 0 ;
1: 交集存在,但其最高维度必须为 1 ;
2: 交集存在,但其最高维度必须为 2 ;
注意:对于简单对象(单纯的点,线,面而言,一种三维矩阵能够解决,但是如果是不同类型组合对象组合而成的复杂对象,就需要多个三维矩阵来判断了。)
介绍了这么多的九交模型的知识,现在开始进入正题, ArcGIS 是如何来对这些类型进行分类的。