ArcGIS 空间查询(一)

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ArcGIS 空间查询

Nine-intersection Model( 九交模型 )

         为啥开篇不直接进入主题,而要单独说一说九交模型?肯定是有原因的,当你读完全文,你就能发现问题的关键所在!

         九交模型是 OGC Open Geospatial Consortium ,开放空间信息协会)制定的一套适用空间查询的一套模型。九交模型根据不同维度,不同类型的几何对象之间的空间关系来定义空间查询的基本算子。

         基本的几何对象元素有点,线,面,它们都有很明确的边界,内部,外部。相关定义如表 1

几何对象

边界

内部

外部

无边界

点本身

点对象以外的区域

 

线

线对象的端点

除端点外的线对象

线对象外的区域

 

面对象控制边

面对象除边界后的区域

面对象本身外的区域

                                                              1

熟悉了这些基本的定义之后,我们进一步接触的就应该算是交九模型的核心,如何对空间关系进行推算:

九交模型通过比较两个或者多个对象的外部,边界,和内部,并求交,考虑求交结果的维度,故适合于各种对象。

 

任意对象 a b

 

边界 (b)

内部 (b)

外部 (b)

边界 (a)

dim(I(a) intersect I(b))

dim(I(a) intersect I(b))

dim(I(a) intersect I(b))

 

内部 (a)

dim(I(a) intersect I(b))

 

dim(I(a) intersect I(b))

 

dim(I(a) intersect I(b))

 

外部 (a)

dim(I(a) intersect I(b))

 

dim(I(a) intersect I(b))

 

dim(I(a) intersect I(b))

 

                                                 2

 

dim(dimension) 的返回值:有 -1 0 1 2. 分别代表不同的含义,如下 :

T: 交集存在, dim=0 1 2

F: 交集不存在, dim=-1

0: 交集存在,但其最高维度必须是 0

1: 交集存在,但其最高维度必须为 1

2: 交集存在,但其最高维度必须为 2

注意:对于简单对象(单纯的点,线,面而言,一种三维矩阵能够解决,但是如果是不同类型组合对象组合而成的复杂对象,就需要多个三维矩阵来判断了。)

 

介绍了这么多的九交模型的知识,现在开始进入正题, ArcGIS 是如何来对这些类型进行分类的。

 

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