string 模拟之-big three

Big-three是指拷贝构造，赋值和析构这三个函数一般一起出现或都不出现

下面是一个模拟string的类。这个类的写法有以下几点需要注意：

1 赋值函数的写法，尤其是参数的写法 MyString& operator= (const MyString& str)

2 在new之后，不用去check 指针是否为null，因为new如果不成功会有exception抛出

3 在赋值函数中，没有去比较是否为自己给自己赋值，这样是因为这种情况很少，增加了程序执行的效率；

    用了一个临时变量，这样在new的过程中即使出现exception，也不会影响原来的值

#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>

#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class MyString{
    public:
        MyString(const char* str);
        MyString();
        //copy constructor
        MyString(const MyString& lval);
        //assignment operator
        MyString& operator= (const MyString& rval);
        //deconstructor
        ~MyString();
    private:
        char* m_data;
};

MyString::MyString():m_data(new char[1])
{
    cout << "default constructor called" << endl;
    m_data[0] = '\0';

}

MyString::MyString(const MyString& lval)
{
    std::cout << "copy constructor called" <<  endl;

    m_data = new char[strlen(lval.m_data) + 1];
    strcpy(m_data, lval.m_data);
}

MyString::MyString(const char* str)
{
    std::cout << "constructor1 called" << endl;
    m_data = new char[strlen(str) + 1];
    strcpy(m_data, str);
}

MyString::~MyString()
{
    cout << "deconstructor called" << endl;
    delete[] m_data;

}


MyString& MyString::operator= (const MyString& rval)
{
    std::cout << "Assignment called" << endl;

    char* tmp = new char[strlen(rval.m_data) + 1];
    strcpy(tmp, rval.m_data);
    delete[] m_data;
    m_data = tmp;

    return *this;

}


int main()
{
    cout << "string 1" << endl;
    MyString str1 = "copy";
    cout << "string 2" << endl;
    MyString str2 = str1;
    cout << "string 3" << endl;
    MyString str3;
    str3 = str1;
}

The output is:

string 1
constructor1 called
string 2
copy constructor called
string 3
default constructor called
Assignment called
deconstructor called
deconstructor called
deconstructor called