《GO语言高级编程》设计中案例,仅作为笔记进行收藏。发布订阅(publish-and-subscribe)模型通常被简写为pub/sub模型。在这个模型中,消息⽣产者成为发布者(publisher),⽽消息消费者则成为订阅者(subscriber),⽣产者和消费者是M:N的关系。在
传统⽣产者和消费者模型中,是将消息发送到⼀个队列中,⽽发布订阅模型则是将消息发布给⼀个主题。
- pubsub.go 发布订阅模型⽀持包
package pubsub
import (
"sync"
"time"
)
type (
// 订阅者为一个通道
subscriber chan interface{}
// 主题为一个过滤器
topicFunc func(v interface{}) bool
)
// 发布者对象
type Publisher struct {
m sync.RWMutex // 读写锁
buffer int // 订阅者队列的缓存大小
timeout time.Duration // 发布超时时间.
subscribers map[subscriber]topicFunc // 订阅者信息
}
// 构建⼀个发布者对象, 可以设置发布超时时间和缓存队列的长度
func NewPublisher(publishTimeout time.Duration, buffer int) *Publisher {
return &Publisher{
buffer: buffer,
timeout: publishTimeout,
subscribers: make(map[subscriber]topicFunc),
}
}
// 添加一个新的订阅者,订阅全部主题
func (p *Publisher) Subscribe() chan interface{} {
return p.SubscribeTopic(nil)
}
// 添加一个新的订阅者,订阅过滤器筛选后的主题
func (p *Publisher) SubscribeTopic(topic topicFunc) chan interface{} {
ch := make(chan interface{}, p.buffer)
p.m.Lock()
p.subscribers[ch] = topic
p.m.Unlock()
return ch
}
// 退出订阅
func (p *Publisher) Evict(sub chan interface{}) {
p.m.Lock()
defer p.m.Unlock()
delete(p.subscribers, sub)
close(sub)
}
// 发布一个主题
func (p *Publisher) Publish(v interface{}) {
p.m.RLock()
defer p.m.RUnlock()
var wg sync.WaitGroup
for sub, topic := range p.subscribers {
wg.Add(1)
go p.sendTopic(sub, topic, v, &wg)
}
wg.Wait()
}
// 关闭发布者对象,同时关闭所有的订阅者管道
func (p *Publisher) Close() {
p.m.Lock()
defer p.m.Unlock()
for sub := range p.subscribers {
delete(p.subscribers, sub)
close(sub)
}
}
// 发送主题,可以容忍一定的超时
func (p *Publisher) sendTopic(sub subscriber, topic topicFunc, v interface{}, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
defer wg.Done()
if topic != nil && !topic(v) {
return
}
select {
case sub <- v:
case <-time.After(p.timeout):
}
}
- main.go 发布订阅实例
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
"time"
"main/ch01/pubsub"
)
func main() {
p := pubsub.NewPublisher(100*time.Millisecond, 10)
defer p.Close()
all := p.Subscribe()
golang := p.SubscribeTopic(func(v interface{}) bool {
if s, ok := v.(string); ok {
return strings.Contains(s, "golang")
}
return false
})
p.Publish("hello, world!")
p.Publish("hello, golang!")
go func() {
for msg := range all {
fmt.Println("all:", msg)
}
}()
go func() {
for msg := range golang {
fmt.Println("golang:", msg)
}
}()
// 运行一定时间后退出
time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
}