3、可执行文件ELF && 几个重要的编译

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-24 16:18:22 发布

LinuxSir_MianMian

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-24 16:18:22 发布

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分类专栏： X86汇编文章标签：汇编 header processing file table ubuntu

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mianyy/article/details/6746476

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1、ELF文件有三种不同的类型

(1)可重定位的目标文件，即 *.o文件

(2)可执行文件，即 *.elf文件

(3)共享库

2、程序的汇编、链接、运行过程

(1)写一个汇编程序并保存文件文件max.s

(2)汇编器读取这个文本文件并将其转换成目标文件max.o，目标文件由若干个Section组成，在汇编程序中声明

的 .section会自动成为目标文件中的Section，汇编器还会另外添加一些Section（如符号表）

(3)然后链接器把目标文件中的Section合并成几个segment，生成可执行文件

(4)最后加载器根据可执行文件中的segment信息加载运行这个程序

3、重要的编译选项

(1) as和ld

as把汇编程序中的助记符翻译成机器指令，生成目标文件

$ as hello.s -o hello.o

然后用链接器ld把目标文件hello.o链接成可执行文件hello

$ ld hello.o -o hello

(2) readelf

读出目标文件和可执行文件的ELF Header和Section Header Table

$ readelf -a max.o

ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)
  Machine:                           Intel 80386
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x0
  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          200 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x0
  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         0
  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         8
  Section header string table index: 5

Section Headers:
  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
  [ 1] .text             PROGBITS        00000000 000034 00002a 00  AX  0   0  4
  [ 2] .rel.text         REL             00000000 0002b0 000010 08      6   1  4
  [ 3] .data             PROGBITS        00000000 000060 000038 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 4] .bss              NOBITS          00000000 000098 000000 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 5] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 000098 000030 00      0   0  1
  [ 6] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 000208 000080 10      7   7  4
  [ 7] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 000288 000028 00      0   0  1
Key to Flags:
  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
  I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)
  O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)

There are no section groups in this file.

There are no program headers in this file.

Relocation section '.rel.text' at offset 0x2b0 contains 2 entries:
 Offset     Info    Type            Sym.Value  Sym. Name
00000008  00000201 R_386_32          00000000   .data
00000017  00000201 R_386_32          00000000   .data

There are no unwind sections in this file.

Symbol table '.symtab' contains 8 entries:
   Num:    Value  Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
     0: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND 
     1: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 
     2: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 
     3: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    4 
     4: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 data_items
     5: 0000000e     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 start_loop
     6: 00000023     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 loop_exit
     7: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT    1 _start

No version information found in this file.

(3) hexdump

打印出目标文件的全部字节

$ hexdump -C max.o

root@ubuntu:/home/liwenjie/program# hexdump -C max.o
00000000  7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.ELF............|
00000010  01 00 03 00 01 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000020  c8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  34 00 00 00 00 00 28 00  |........4.....(.|
00000030  08 00 05 00 bf 00 00 00  00 8b 04 bd 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000040  89 c3 83 f8 00 74 10 47  8b 04 bd 00 00 00 00 39  |.....t.G.......9|
00000050  d8 7e ef 89 c3 eb eb b8  01 00 00 00 cd 80 00 00  |.~..............|
00000060  03 00 00 00 43 00 00 00  22 00 00 00 de 00 00 00  |....C...".......|
00000070  2d 00 00 00 4b 00 00 00  36 00 00 00 22 00 00 00  |-...K...6..."...|
00000080  2c 00 00 00 21 00 00 00  16 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00  |,...!...........|
00000090  42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 2e 73 79 6d 74 61 62  |B.........symtab|
000000a0  00 2e 73 74 72 74 61 62  00 2e 73 68 73 74 72 74  |..strtab..shstrt|
000000b0  61 62 00 2e 72 65 6c 2e  74 65 78 74 00 2e 64 61  |ab..rel.text..da|
000000c0  74 61 00 2e 62 73 73 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |ta..bss.........|
000000d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000000f0  1f 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000100  34 00 00 00 2a 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |4...*...........|
00000110  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1b 00 00 00 09 00 00 00  |................|
00000120  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  b0 02 00 00 10 00 00 00  |................|
00000130  06 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 08 00 00 00  |................|
00000140  25 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |%...............|
00000150  60 00 00 00 38 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |`...8...........|
00000160  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  2b 00 00 00 08 00 00 00  |........+.......|
00000170  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  98 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000180  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000190  11 00 00 00 03 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001a0  98 00 00 00 30 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |....0...........|
000001b0  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 02 00 00 00  |................|
000001c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 02 00 00 80 00 00 00  |................|
000001d0  07 00 00 00 07 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 10 00 00 00  |................|
000001e0  09 00 00 00 03 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  88 02 00 00 28 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |....(...........|
00000200  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000210  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000220  00 00 00 00 03 00 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000230  00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000240  00 00 00 00 03 00 04 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000250  00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00  0c 00 00 00 0e 00 00 00  |................|
00000260  00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00  17 00 00 00 23 00 00 00  |............#...|
00000270  00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00  21 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |........!.......|
00000280  00 00 00 00 10 00 01 00  00 64 61 74 61 5f 69 74  |.........data_it|
00000290  65 6d 73 00 73 74 61 72  74 5f 6c 6f 6f 70 00 6c  |ems.start_loop.l|
000002a0  6f 6f 70 5f 65 78 69 74  00 5f 73 74 61 72 74 00  |oop_exit._start.|
000002b0  08 00 00 00 01 02 00 00  17 00 00 00 01 02 00 00  |................|
000002c0

(4) objdump

将程序中的机器指令反汇编成汇编程序

$ objdump -d max.o

$ objdump -d max

root@ubuntu:/home/liwenjie/program# objdump -d max

max:     file format elf32-i386


Disassembly of section .text:

08048074 <.text>:
 8048074:	bf 00 00 00 00       	mov    $0x0,%edi
 8048079:	8b 04 bd a0 90 04 08 	mov    0x80490a0(,%edi,4),%eax
 8048080:	89 c3                	mov    %eax,%ebx
 8048082:	83 f8 00             	cmp    $0x0,%eax
 8048085:	74 10                	je     0x8048097
 8048087:	47                   	inc    %edi
 8048088:	8b 04 bd a0 90 04 08 	mov    0x80490a0(,%edi,4),%eax
 804808f:	39 d8                	cmp    %ebx,%eax
 8048091:	7e ef                	jle    0x8048082
 8048093:	89 c3                	mov    %eax,%ebx
 8048095:	eb eb                	jmp    0x8048082
 8048097:	b8 01 00 00 00       	mov    $0x1,%eax
 804809c:	cd 80                	int    $0x80

(5) strip

可去除可执行文件中的符号信息，只能去除可执行文件，不能去除目标文件，因为链接时候要用到符号表

$ strip max 然后再 $ readelf -a max ，少了符号信息

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3、可执行文件ELF && 几个重要的编译

1、ELF文件有三种不同的类型 (1)可重定位的目标文件，即 *.o文件 (2)可执行文件，即 *.elf文件 (3)共享库2、程序的汇编、链接、运行过程 (1)写一个汇编程序并保存文件文件
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