Rxjava 提供了subscribeOn()方法来用于每个observable对象的操作符在哪个线程上运行
Rxjava 提供了ObserveOn()方法来用于每个Subscriber(Observer)对象的操作符在哪个线程上运行
线程切换的时候subscribeOn()只被执行一次
。如果出现多次,那么以第一次出现是用的那个线程为准。 ObserverOnobserveOn()改变调用它之后代码的线程
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为什么多次调用subscribeOn()却只有第一个起作用?
为什么多次调用observeOn()却可以切换到不同线程
observeOn()后能不能再次调用subscribeOn()?
如果你有这些疑问,那接下来的内容必定能解决你心头的疑惑
subscribeOn()和observeOn()的区别
subscribeOn()和observeOn()都是用来切换线程用的
- subscribeOn()改变调用它之前代码的线程
- observeOn()改变调用它之后代码的线程
这里给出下面示例中用到的两个函数
public static Scheduler getNamedScheduler(final String name) {
return Schedulers.from(Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new ThreadFactory() {
@Override
public Thread newThread(@android.support.annotation.NonNull Runnable runnable) {
return new Thread(runnable, name);
}
}));
}
public static void threadInfo(String caller) {
System.out.println(caller + " => " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
一、subscribeOn()
在讲解他的原理之前,先来一个简单的例子,有个感性认识,学起来更轻松
先说结论:subscribeOn 作用于该操作符之前的 Observable 的创建操符作以及 doOnSubscribe 操作符 ,换句话说就是 doOnSubscribe 以及 Observable 的创建操作符总是被其之后最近的 subscribeOn 控制 。没看懂不要紧,看下面代码和图你就懂了。
Observable
.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<String>() {
@Override
public void call(Subscriber<? super String> subscriber) {
threadInfo("OnSubscribe.call()");
subscriber.onNext("RxJava");
}
})
.subscribeOn(getNamedScheduler("create之后的subscribeOn"))
.doOnSubscribe(() -> threadInfo(".doOnSubscribe()-1"))
.subscribeOn(getNamedScheduler("doOnSubscribe1之后的subscribeOn"))
.doOnSubscribe(() -> threadInfo(".doOnSubscribe()-2"))
.subscribe(s -> {
threadInfo(".onNext()");
System.out.println(s + "-onNext");
});
结果如下:
.doOnSubscribe()-2 => main
.doOnSubscribe()-1 => doOnSubscribe1之后的subscribeOn
OnSubscribe.call() => create之后的subscribeOn
.onNext() => create之后的subscribeOn
RxJava-onNext
3号框中的.doOnSubscribe(() -> threadInfo(“.doOnSubscribe()-2”)) 的之后由于没有subscribeOn操作符所以回调到该段代码被调用的线程(即主线程)
由于 subscribe 之前 没有 使用observeOn 指定Scheduler,所以.onNext()的线程是和OnSubscribe.call()使用相同的Scheduler 。
下面通过源码来分析一下:
1、示例代码:
Observable
.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<String>() {
@Override
public void call(Subscriber<? super String> subscriber) {
subscriber.onNext("a");
subscriber.onNext("b");
subscriber.onCompleted();
}
})
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.subscribe(new Observer<String>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
}
@Override
public void onNext(String integer) {
System.out.println(integer);
}
});
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运行如下:
a
b
2、subscribeOn()源代码
public final Observable<T> subscribeOn(Scheduler scheduler) {
if (this instanceof ScalarSynchronousObservable) {
return ((ScalarSynchronousObservable<T>)this).scalarScheduleOn(scheduler);
}
return create(new OperatorSubscribeOn<T>(this, scheduler));
}
很明显,会走if之外的方法。
在这里我们可以看到,又创建了一个OperatorSubscribeOn对象,但创建时传入的参数为OperatorSubscribeOn(this,scheduler),我们看一下此对象以及其对应的构造方法
3、create()的源代码:
public static <T> Observable<T> create(OnSubscribe<T> f) {
return new Observable<T>(hook.onCreate(f));
}
我们看到这个方法,使用OperatorSubscribeOn这个类,来创建一个新的Observable,那就把它叫做Observable_2,把原来的Observable叫做Observable_1
4、OperatorSubscribeOn类的源代码:
public final class OperatorSubscribeOn<T> implements OnSubscribe<T> {
final Scheduler scheduler;
final Observable<T> source;
public OperatorSubscribeOn(Observable<T> source, Scheduler scheduler) {
this.scheduler = scheduler;
this.source = source;
}
@Override
public void call(final Subscriber<? super T> subscriber) {
final Worker inner = scheduler.createWorker();
subscriber.add(inner);
inner.schedule(new Action0() {
@Override
public void call() {
final Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
Subscriber<T> s = new Subscriber<T>(subscriber) {
@Override
public void onNext(T t) {
subscriber.onNext(t);
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
try {
subscriber.onError(e);
} finally {
inner.unsubscribe();
}
}
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
try {
subscriber.onCompleted();
} finally {
inner.unsubscribe();
}
}
@Override
public void setProducer(final Producer p) {
subscriber.setProducer(new Producer() {
@Override
public void request(final long n) {
if (t == Thread.currentThread()) {
p.request(n);
} else {
inner.schedule(new Action0() {
@Override
public void call() {
p.request(n);
}
});
}
}
});
}
};
source.unsafeSubscribe(s);
}
});
}
}
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- OperatorSubscribeOn类implements 了Onsubscribe接口,并实现call()方法
- OperatorSubscribeOn的构造方法,
- 保存了Observable对象,就是调用了subscribeOn()方法的Observable对象
- 并保存了Scheduler对象。
这里做个总结。
把Observable.create()创建的称之为Observable_1,OnSubscribe_1。
把subscribeOn()创建的称之为Observable_2,OnSubscribe_2
-
Observable_1是由示例代码的第1、2行创建的
-
OperatorSubscribeOn类是implements Onsubscribe接口的,所以可以当做Onsubscribe类使用。(OnSubscribe_2)
-
并且OnSubscribe_2中保存了Observable_1的应用,即source。(在OperatorSubscribeOn源代码的第8行)
-
在subscribeOn()源代码的倒数第二行,create(new OperatorSubscribeOn<T>(this, scheduler))
返回新创建的Observable_2对象。
4.1、分析call()方法。
- inner.schedule()改变了线程,此时Action的call()运行在指定的线程中。
- 把示例代码中的Subscriber包装了一层,赋给对象S(Subscriber_2)。见上面代码21行。
- source.unsafeSubscribe(s);,
- 注意:source是Observable_1对象,这里的s就是Subscriber_2
- 因为调用过subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())后,返回Observable_2对象,所以示例代码第13行代码的subscribe()就是Observable_2.subscribe(),也就是执行OnSubscribe_2的call()方法(即OperatorSubscribeOn类的源代码的第12行)。
4.2 看一下source.unsafeSubscribe(s);(第65行)代码都做了什么
这里的source就是Observable_1,s是Subscriber_2
unsafeSubscribe()源代码:
public final Subscription unsafeSubscribe(Subscriber<? super T> subscriber) {
try {
// new Subscriber so onStart it
subscriber.onStart();
// allow the hook to intercept and/or decorate
hook.onSubscribeStart(this, onSubscribe).call(subscriber);
return hook.onSubscribeReturn(subscriber);
} catch (Throwable e) {
// special handling for certain Throwable/Error/Exception types
Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e);
// if an unhandled error occurs executing the onSubscribe we will propagate it
try {
subscriber.onError(hook.onSubscribeError(e));
} catch (Throwable e2) {
Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e2);
// if this happens it means the onError itself failed (perhaps an invalid function implementation)
// so we are unable to propagate the error correctly and will just throw
RuntimeException r = new RuntimeException("Error occurred attempting to subscribe [" + e.getMessage() + "] and then again while trying to pass to onError.", e2);
// TODO could the hook be the cause of the error in the on error handling.
hook.onSubscribeError(r);
// TODO why aren't we throwing the hook's return value.
throw r;
}
return Subscriptions.unsubscribed();
}
}
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关键代码:
hook.onSubscribeStart(this, onSubscribe).call(subscriber);
该方法即调用了OnSubscribe_1.call()方法。
注意,此时的call()方法在我们指定的线程中运行。起到了改变线程的作用。
对于以上线程,我们可以总结,其有如下流程:
-
Observable.create() : 创建了Observable_1和OnSubscribe_1;
-
subscribeOn(): 创建Observable_2和OperatorSubscribeOn(OnSubscribe_2),同时OperatorSubscribeOn保存了Observable_1的引用。
-
示例代码中的subscribe(Observer) 实际上就是调用Observable_2.subscribe(Observer):
- 调用OperatorSubscribeOn的call()。call()改变了线程的运行,并且调用了Observable_1.unsafeSubscribe(s);
- Observable_1.unsafeSubscribe(s);,该方法的实现中调用了OnSubscribe_1的call()。
这样就实现了在指定线程运行OnSubscribe的call()函数,无论我们的subscribeOn()放在哪里,他改变的是subscribe()的过程,而不是onNext()的过程。
那么如果有多个subscribeOn(),那么线程会怎样执行呢。如果按照我们的逻辑,有以下程序
Observable.just("ss")
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())
.subscribe(new Action1<String>() {
@Override
public void call(String s) {
}
});
那么,我们根据之前的源码分析其执行逻辑。
-
Observable.just(“ss”),创建Observable,OnSubscribe
-
Observable_1.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()):创建Observable_1,OperatorSubscribeOn_1并保存Observable的引用。
-
Observable_2.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread()):创建Observable_2,OperatorSubscribeOn_2并保存Observable_1的引用。
-
Observable_3.subscribe():
- 调用OperatorSubscribeOn_2.call(),改变线程为Schedulers.newThread()。
- 调用OperatorSubscribeOn_1.call(),改变线程为Schedulers.io()。
- 调用OnSubscribe.call(),此时call()运行在Schedulers.io()。
根据以上逻辑分析,会按照1的线程进行执行。
二、observeOn()
先说结论:observeOn作用于该操作符之后操作符直到出现新的observeOn操作符
举个例子:
Observable.just("RxJava")
.observeOn(getNamedScheduler("map之前的observeOn"))
.map(s -> {
threadInfo(".map()-1")
return s + "-map1"
})
.map( s -> {
threadInfo(".map()-2")
return s + "-map2"
})
.observeOn(getNamedScheduler("subscribe之前的observeOn"))
.subscribe(s -> {
threadInfo(".onNext()")
System.out.println(s + "-onNext")
})
结果如下:
.map()-1 => map之前的observeOn
.map()-2 => map之前的observeOn
.onNext() => subscribe之前的observeOn
RxJava-map1-map2-onNext
下面通过源码来进行分析:
1、observeOn()源码
public final Observable<T> observeOn(Scheduler scheduler) {
return observeOn(scheduler, RxRingBuffer.SIZE);
}
public final Observable<T> observeOn(Scheduler scheduler, int bufferSize) {
return observeOn(scheduler, false, bufferSize);
}
public final Observable<T> observeOn(Scheduler scheduler, boolean delayError, int bufferSize) {
if (this instanceof ScalarSynchronousObservable) {
return ((ScalarSynchronousObservable<T>)this).scalarScheduleOn(scheduler);
}
return lift(new OperatorObserveOn<T>(scheduler, delayError, bufferSize));
}
这里引出了lift()函数
public final <R> Observable<R> lift(final Operator<? extends R, ? super T> operator) {
return new Observable<R>(new OnSubscribeLift<T, R>(onSubscribe, operator));
}
关于lift的详细介绍,如果不明白lift的原理,参考这里:RxJava 之二—— Lift()详解
用OperatorObserveOn对象,创建OnSubscribeLift对象(实现了OnSubscribe接口),接着创建Observable对象。为了加以区分,这里我们把OnSubscribeLift叫做OnSubscribe_2,Observable叫做Observable_2。
2、OperatorObserveOn代码:
public final class OperatorObserveOn<T> implements Operator<T, T> {
private final Scheduler scheduler;
private final boolean delayError;
private final int bufferSize;
/**
* @param scheduler the scheduler to use
* @param delayError delay errors until all normal events are emitted in the other thread?
*/
public OperatorObserveOn(Scheduler scheduler, boolean delayError) {
this(scheduler, delayError, RxRingBuffer.SIZE);
}
/**
* @param scheduler the scheduler to use
* @param delayError delay errors until all normal events are emitted in the other thread?
* @param bufferSize for the buffer feeding the Scheduler workers, defaults to {@code RxRingBuffer.MAX} if <= 0
*/
public OperatorObserveOn(Scheduler scheduler, boolean delayError, int bufferSize) {
this.scheduler = scheduler;
this.delayError = delayError;
this.bufferSize = (bufferSize > 0) ? bufferSize : RxRingBuffer.SIZE;
}
@Override
public Subscriber<? super T> call(Subscriber<? super T> child) {
if (scheduler instanceof ImmediateScheduler) {
return child;
} else if (scheduler instanceof TrampolineScheduler) {
return child;
} else {
ObserveOnSubscriber<T> parent = new ObserveOnSubscriber<T>(scheduler, child, delayError, bufferSize);
parent.init();
return parent;
}
}
public static <T> Operator<T, T> rebatch(final int n) {
return new Operator<T, T>() {
@Override
public Subscriber<? super T> call(Subscriber<? super T> child) {
ObserveOnSubscriber<T> parent = new ObserveOnSubscriber<T>(Schedulers.immediate(), child, false, n);
parent.init();
return parent;
}
};
}
/** Observe through individual queue per observer. */
static final class ObserveOnSubscriber<T> extends Subscriber<T> implements Action0 {
final Subscriber<? super T> child;
final Scheduler.Worker recursiveScheduler;
final NotificationLite<T> on;
final boolean delayError;
final Queue<Object> queue;
/** The emission threshold that should trigger a replenishing request. */
final int limit;
volatile boolean finished;
final AtomicLong requested = new AtomicLong();
final AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong();
/**
* The single exception if not null, should be written before setting finished (release) and read after
* reading finished (acquire).
*/
Throwable error;
/** Remembers how many elements have been emitted before the requests run out. */
long emitted;
public ObserveOnSubscriber(Scheduler scheduler, Subscriber<? super T> child, boolean delayError, int bufferSize) {
this.child = child;
this.recursiveScheduler = scheduler.createWorker();
this.delayError = delayError;
this.on = NotificationLite.instance();
int calculatedSize = (bufferSize > 0) ? bufferSize : RxRingBuffer.SIZE;
this.limit = calculatedSize - (calculatedSize >> 2);
if (UnsafeAccess.isUnsafeAvailable()) {
queue = new SpscArrayQueue<Object>(calculatedSize);
} else {
queue = new SpscAtomicArrayQueue<Object>(calculatedSize);
}
request(calculatedSize);
}
void init() {
Subscriber<? super T> localChild = child;
localChild.setProducer(new Producer() {
@Override
public void request(long n) {
if (n > 0L) {
BackpressureUtils.getAndAddRequest(requested, n);
schedule();
}
}
});
localChild.add(recursiveScheduler);
localChild.add(this);
}
@Override
public void onNext(final T t) {
if (isUnsubscribed() || finished) {
return;
}
if (!queue.offer(on.next(t))) {
onError(new MissingBackpressureException());
return;
}
schedule();
}
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
if (isUnsubscribed() || finished) {
return;
}
finished = true;
schedule();
}
@Override
public void onError(final Throwable e) {
if (isUnsubscribed() || finished) {
RxJavaHooks.onError(e);
return;
}
error = e;
finished = true;
schedule();
}
protected void schedule() {
if (counter.getAndIncrement() == 0) {
recursiveScheduler.schedule(this);
}
}
@Override
public void call() {
long missed = 1L;
long currentEmission = emitted;
final Queue<Object> q = this.queue;
final Subscriber<? super T> localChild = this.child;
final NotificationLite<T> localOn = this.on;
for (;;) {
long requestAmount = requested.get();
while (requestAmount != currentEmission) {
boolean done = finished;
Object v = q.poll();
boolean empty = v == null;
if (checkTerminated(done, empty, localChild, q)) {
return;
}
if (empty) {
break;
}
localChild.onNext(localOn.getValue(v));
currentEmission++;
if (currentEmission == limit) {
requestAmount = BackpressureUtils.produced(requested, currentEmission);
request(currentEmission);
currentEmission = 0L;
}
}
if (requestAmount == currentEmission) {
if (checkTerminated(finished, q.isEmpty(), localChild, q)) {
return;
}
}
emitted = currentEmission;
missed = counter.addAndGet(-missed);
if (missed == 0L) {
break;
}
}
}
boolean checkTerminated(boolean done, boolean isEmpty, Subscriber<? super T> a, Queue<Object> q) {
if (a.isUnsubscribed()) {
q.clear();
return true;
}
if (done) {
if (delayError) {
if (isEmpty) {
Throwable e = error;
try {
if (e != null) {
a.onError(e);
} else {
a.onCompleted();
}
} finally {
recursiveScheduler.unsubscribe();
}
}
} else {
Throwable e = error;
if (e != null) {
q.clear();
try {
a.onError(e);
} finally {
recursiveScheduler.unsubscribe();
}
return true;
} else
if (isEmpty) {
try {
a.onCompleted();
} finally {
recursiveScheduler.unsubscribe();
}
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
}
}
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虽然代码很长,但是也就是三部分
- 构造函数,
- 实现Operator所继承的Func1中的call()函数
- 静态内部类ObserveOnSubscriber< T>
下面来逐一分析:
因为调用Observable.等函数而需要创建的称之为Observable_1,Subscriber_1。
因为调用observeOn()而创建的称之为Observable_2,Subscriber_2
2.1、创建OperatorObserveOn对象
上面这段代码,主要功能就是创建OperatorObserveOn对象
既然是Operator,那么它的职责就是把一个Subscriber转换成另外一个Subscriber,
2.2、OperatorObserveOn对象中的call()函数返回ObserveOnSubscriber对象(Subscriber_2)
我们来看下call函数都做了什么:
-
ObserveOnSubscriber是一个静态类(第53行),创建一个ObserveOnSubscriber类(继承Subscriber< T>(Subscriber_2))(OperatorObserveOn代码第35行),在参数中传入Subscriber_1(即局部变量child)和scheduler(指定线程)等参数。
-
调用了observeOn(),在subscribe()中调用onSubscribe.call(subscriber);时,就会调用上面代码第27行的call(),结果被传入到ObserveOnSubscriber的onNext()(第118行)。(如果不明白,请看RxJava 之二—— Lift()详解)
public void onNext(final T t) {
if (isUnsubscribed() || finished) {
return;
}
if (!queue.offer(on.next(t))) {
onError(new MissingBackpressureException());
return;
}
schedule();
}
这里做了两件事,
- 把执行的结果缓存到一个队列里,这里的on对象,不是Subscriber_1。
- 调用schedule()启动传入的线程所创建的worker
2.3、schedule()代码:
protected void schedule() {
if (counter.getAndIncrement() == 0) {
recursiveScheduler.schedule(this);
}
}
- recursiveScheduler 就是之前我们传入的Scheduler,就是在observeOn()传入的指定线程,例如:AndroidScheluders.mainThread()
2.4、我们看下在scheduler()中调用的call()方法代码,call()方法只能由scheduler()去调用执行
@Override
public void call() {
...
final Subscriber<? super T> localChild = this.child;
for (;;) {
...
boolean done = finished;
Object v = q.poll();
boolean empty = v == null;
if (checkTerminated(done, empty, localChild, q)) {
return;
}
if (empty) {
break;
}
localChild.onNext(localOn.getValue(v));
...
}
if (emitted != 0L) {
request(emitted);
}
}
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OK,在Scheduler启动后, 我们在Observable.subscribe(a)传入的a就是这里的localChild(即Subscriber_1,是在第35行代码传递进来的) , 我们看到,在call中终于调用了它的onNext方法,把真正的结果传了出去,此时是工作在observeOn()指定的线程。
那么总结起来的结论就是:
- observeOn 对调用之前的序列默不关心,也不会要求之前的序列运行在指定的线程上
- observeOn 对之前的序列产生的结果先缓存起来,然后再在指定的线程上,推送给最终的subscriber
下面给出两次调用observeOn()的示意图
复杂情况
我们经常多次使用subscribeOn()切换线程,那么以后是否可以组合observeOn()和subscribeOn()达到自由切换的目的呢?
subscribeOn()改变的是subscribe()这句调用所在的线程,大多数情况,产生内容和消费内容是在同一线程的,所以改变了产生内容所在的线程,就改变了消费内容所在的线程。
-
对subscribeOn()的调用是自下向上,所以连续多次调用subscribeOn(),结果会被最上面的subscribeOn()覆盖。(生成和消费都会被覆盖)
-
observeOn()之上有subscribeOn()调用
observeOn()的工作原理是把消费结果先缓存,再切换到新线程上让原始消费者消费,它和生产者是没有一点关系的,就算subscribeOn()调用了,也只是改变observeOn()这个消费者所在的线程,和OperatorObserveOn中存储的原始消费者一点关系都没有,它还是由observeOn()控制。
-
observeOn()之下有subscribeOn()调用
这也不会改变observeOn()所指定的消费线程,因为observeOn()是自上而下调用,对subscribeOn()的调用是自下向上,在observeOn()指定的线程会覆盖下面subscribeOn()指定线程来去消费
用一张图来解释当多个 subscribeOn() 和 observeOn() 混合使用时,线程调度是怎么发生的(由于图中对象较多,相对于上面的图对结构做了一些简化调整):
参考:http://blog.csdn.net/jdsjlzx/article/details/51685769
http://blog.csdn.net/jdsjlzx/article/details/51686152
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000004856071
https://gank.io/post/560e15be2dca930e00da1083
你真的会用RxJava么?RxJava线程变换之observeOn与subscribeOn