让我一机灵的Java语言知识点

1.向上转型时，任何域的访问操作都将是由编译器解析，因此不是多态的。

//: polymorphism/FieldAccess.java
package polymorphism; /* Added by Eclipse.py */
// Direct field access is determined at compile time.

class Super {
  public int field = 0;
  public int getField() { return field; }
}

class Sub extends Super {
  public int field = 1;
  public int getField() { return field; }
  public int getSuperField() { return super.field; }
}

public class FieldAccess {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Super sup = new Sub(); // Upcast
    System.out.println("sup.field = " + sup.field +
      ", sup.getField() = " + sup.getField());
    Sub sub = new Sub();
    System.out.println("sub.field = " +
      sub.field + ", sub.getField() = " +
      sub.getField() +
      ", sub.getSuperField() = " +
      sub.getSuperField());
  }
} 
/* Output:
sup.field = 0, sup.getField() = 1
sub.field = 1, sub.getField() = 1, sub.getSuperField() = 0
*///:~

输出的sup.field是0，而不是1，是因为sup和field的绑定是在编译器就确定了，不像getField方法一样，可以后期绑定。这种特性，似乎很容易导致错误，可以通过把变量定义成private，或者干脆在继承的时候就不要定义和父类一样的变量名。