通过servlet生成随机验证码实例

注，本代码引用来之张孝祥的最新力作<深入体验java web开发内幕-核心基础>，保留所有权利。

此段servlet完整展示了动态验证码的生成过程，通俗易懂，不愧为张老师所写的代码，在此遇到一个问题，就是常说的javax.servlet包无法引入，我按要求都把servlet包放入了lib目录中，可还是一样找不到，因此实际调试效果还没看到。

首先是一个简单的登录页面。

 Check_login.htm

< html >
< head >
     < title > 实现验证码功能 </ title >
</ head >
< body >
     < h1 > 带有验证码功能的登录演示 </ h1 >
     < form  action ="LogonFormServlet" >
         < table >
             < tr >
                 < td > 用户名： </ td >
                 < td >< input  type ="text"  name ="userName" ></ td >
             </ tr >
             < tr >
                 < td > 密码： </ td >
                 < td >< input  type ="password"  name ="password" ></ td >
             </ tr >
             < tr >
                 < td > 验证码： </ td >
                 < td >< input  type ="text"  value ="mildo"  name ="passport" >< img  src ="CheckCodeServlet" ></ td >
             </ tr >
             < tr  colspan ="2" >
                 < td >< input  type ="submit"  value ="登录" ></ td >
             </ tr >
         </ table >
     </ form >
</ body >
</ html >

接下来就是生成图片验证码的Servlet了，源代码： CheckCodeServlet.java

import  java.io. * ;
import  javax.servlet. * ;
import  javax.servlet.http. * ;
import  java.awt. * ;
import  java.awt.image. * ;
import  javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public   class  CheckCodeServlet  extends  HttpServlet
... {
    private static int WIDTH=60;
    private static int HIGHT=20;
    
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) 
        throws IOException,ServletException 
    ...{
        HttpSession session = Request.session();
        response.setContent("image/jpeg");
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        
        //设置浏览器不要缓存图片
        response.setHead("Pragma","No-cache");
        response.setHead("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        response.setDateHead("Expires",0);
        
        //创建内建图像，并获得上下文
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(WIDTH,HIGHT,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
        
        //生成随机认证码
        char [] rands = new generateCheckCode();
        
        //产生图像
        drawBackgrounds(g);
        drawRands(g,rands);
        
        //结束图像绘制，完成输出
        g.dispose();
        
        //输出到客户端
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpeg",bos);
        byte [] buf = bos.toByteArray();
        response.setContentLength(buf.length);
        //下面的语句也可以写成 bos.write(sos);
        sos.wirte(buf);
        bos.close();
        sos.close();
        
        //将当前验证码插入到session中
        session.setAttribute("check_code",new String(rands));
        
    }
    
    private char[] generateCheckCode()
    ...{
        //定义验证码的字符集
        String str = "0123456789abcdefghjklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
        char [] rands = new char[4];
        for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
        ...{
            int rand = (int)(Math.random()*36);
            rands[i] = chars.charAt(rand);
        }
        return rands;
    }
    
    private void drawRands(Graphics g,char[] rands)
    ...{
        g.setColor(Color.black);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.ITALIC|Font.BOLD,18));
        
        //在不同的高度输出验证码的字符
        g.drawString(""+rands[0],1,16);
        g.drawString(""+rands[1],16,18);
        g.drawString(""+rands[2],32,15);
        g.drawString(""+rands[3],51,17);
        System.out.println(rands);
    }
    
    private void drawBackground(Graphics g)
    ...{
        //画背景
        g.setColor(Color.cyan);
        g.fillRect(0,0,WIDTH,HIGHT);
        
        //添加随机120个杂点
        for(int i=0;i<120;i++)
        ...{
            int x = (int)(Math.random()*WIDTH);
            int y = (int)(Math.random()*HIGHT);
            int red = (int)(Math.random()*255);
            int blue = (int)(Math.random()*255);
            int green = (int)(Math.random()*255);
            
            g.setColor(new Color(red,green,blue));
            g.drawOval(x,y,1,0);
        }
    }
}

用来验证的servlet代码： LogonFormServlet.java

import  java.io. * ;
import  javax.servlet. * ;
import  javax.servlet.http. * ;
import  java.awt. * ;
import  java.awt.image. * ;
import  javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public   class  CheckCodeServlet  extends  HttpServlet
... {
    private static int WIDTH=60;
    private static int HIGHT=20;
    
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) 
        throws IOException,ServletException 
    ...{
        HttpSession session = Request.session();
        response.setContent("image/jpeg");
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        
        //设置浏览器不要缓存图片
        response.setHead("Pragma","No-cache");
        response.setHead("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        response.setDateHead("Expires",0);
        
        //创建内建图像，并获得上下文
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(WIDTH,HIGHT,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
        
        //生成随机认证码
        char [] rands = new generateCheckCode();
        
        //产生图像
        drawBackgrounds(g);
        drawRands(g,rands);
        
        //结束图像绘制，完成输出
        g.dispose();
        
        //输出到客户端
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpeg",bos);
        byte [] buf = bos.toByteArray();
        response.setContentLength(buf.length);
        //下面的语句也可以写成 bos.write(sos);
        sos.wirte(buf);
        bos.close();
        sos.close();
        
        //将当前验证码插入到session中
        session.setAttribute("check_code",new String(rands));
        
    }
    
    private char[] generateCheckCode()
    ...{
        //定义验证码的字符集
        String str = "0123456789abcdefghjklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
        char [] rands = new char[4];
        for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
        ...{
            int rand = (int)(Math.random()*36);
            rands[i] = chars.charAt(rand);
        }
        return rands;
    }
    
    private void drawRands(Graphics g,char[] rands)
    ...{
        g.setColor(Color.black);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.ITALIC|Font.BOLD,18));
        
        //在不同的高度输出验证码的字符
        g.drawString(""+rands[0],1,16);
        g.drawString(""+rands[1],16,18);
        g.drawString(""+rands[2],32,15);
        g.drawString(""+rands[3],51,17);
        System.out.println(rands);
    }
    
    private void drawBackground(Graphics g)
    ...{
        //画背景
        g.setColor(Color.cyan);
        g.fillRect(0,0,WIDTH,HIGHT);
        
        //添加随机120个杂点
        for(int i=0;i<120;i++)
        ...{
            int x = (int)(Math.random()*WIDTH);
            int y = (int)(Math.random()*HIGHT);
            int red = (int)(Math.random()*255);
            int blue = (int)(Math.random()*255);
            int green = (int)(Math.random()*255);
            
            g.setColor(new Color(red,green,blue));
            g.drawOval(x,y,1,0);
        }
    }
}

这些做好了，当然要对servlet进行注册和映射了，web.xml

         < servlet-name > CheckCodeServlet </ servlet-name >
         < servlet-class > CheckCodeServlet </ servlet-class >
     </ servlet >

     < servlet >
         < servlet-name > LogonFormServlet </ servlet-name >
         < servlet-class > LogonFormServlet </ servlet-class >
     </ servlet >

     < servlet-mapping >
         < serlet-name > CheckCodeServlet </ serlet-name >     
         < url-pattern > /CheckCodeServlet </ url-pattern >
     </ servlet-mapping >
    
     < servlet-mapping >
         < serlet-name > LogonFormServlet </ serlet-name >     
         < url-pattern > /LogonFormServlet </ url-pattern >
     </ servlet-mapping >