菜鸟学Android笔记（二十四）：ServletContext1

一、ServletContext的概念

web容器在启动时，它会每个web应用程序创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表当前的web应用

二、如何获取ServletContext对象？

方法1：ServletContext scontext=Congfig.getServletContext();

方法2：ServletContext scontext=this.getServletContext();

三、ServletContext的作用

1、作为域对象可以在整个web应用范围内共享数据

什么是域对象？即能在整个web共享数据的对象

假如web应用的classes中有两个java文件

一个是：Demo2Servlet.java:

package com.java;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo2Servlet extends HttpServlet{

	@Override
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
		context.setAttribute("apple", "red apple");
	}

	@Override
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req,resp);
	}
    
}

另外一个是Demo2Servlet.java：

package com.java;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo3Servlet extends HttpServlet{

	@Override
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
		String v=(String)context.getAttribute("apple");
		System.out.println(v);
	}

	@Override
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req,resp);
	}
    
}

当在浏览器输入“http://localhost/Day02/java/Demo2Servlet” ,然后再输入“http://localhost/Day02/java/Demo3Servlet”

这时在控制台就会输出：red apple,数据从Demo2Servlet实现了与Demo3Servlet的共享，这个context对象就是域对象

特性：作用范围

            声明周期：服务器启动，web应用加载后创建ServletContext对象，域生产，当web应用移除容器或服务器关闭后，随着web应用的销毁域销毁

 重要的三个方法：

void setAttribute(String,Object);

Object getAttribute(String);

void removeAttribute

2、获取web应用的初始化参数

第一步：在web.xml中设置参数：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	
<context-param>
	<param-name>userName</param-name>
	<param-value>中华</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
	<param-name>password</param-name>
	<param-value>123</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app> 

第二步：在classes中的文件夹添加Demo4Servlet.java

package com.java;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Demo4Servlet extends HttpServlet{
	
	
	
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
		Enumeration enumeration=context.getInitParameterNames();
		while(enumeration.hasMoreElements()){
			String name=(String) enumeration.nextElement();
			String value=context.getInitParameter(name);
			System.out.println(name+":"+value);
		}
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req,resp);
	}

}

第三步：在web.xml中设置访问Demo4Servlet.ajva的路径

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	
<context-param>
	<param-name>userName</param-name>
	<param-value>中华</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
	<param-name>password</param-name>
	<param-value>123</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
        <servlet-name>Demo4Servlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.java.Demo4Servlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
     <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Demo4Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/java/Demo4Servlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

第四步：在浏览器中输入“http://localhost/Day02/Demo4Servlet.java”

然后myeclipse就会打印出：

userName:中华
password:123

ps:小知识点

请求参数 parameter-----------浏览器发送过来的请求中的参数信息

初始化参数 intparameter----在web.xml中为ServletContext配置的初始化时带有的基本参数

域属性attribute-----------四大作用域中的键值对