Objective-C 基础开发详解

对于最近才加入博客大家族的我，趁现在时间富裕，决定带着大家一起来撸一遍Objective-C。

言归正传，直接上代码：

上代码之前，先做点简单的铺垫

//在 iOS工程中：

// .m是oc 的后缀

// .c是c 语言的后缀。

// .cpp是c++的后缀

// .mm兼容oc,c和c++的后缀

// import和include 具有相同的功能，优点是可以避免同一个文件被重复包含/引入（查重）

//Foundation是OC的基本库,里面封装了很多的OC的数据类型和一些常用的方法（函数）,OC程序离开了Foundation这个库不能工作

//使用<>包含头文件或者库，说明这个头文件或者库是系统的头文件和库

//使用""包含头文件或者库，说明这个头文件或者库是自定义或者第三方的

//类：类的声明和类的实现

//类的声明:@interface时一个类的关键字

//NSObject是oc中所有类直接或者间接的父类，也是根类

//类的声明

//@interface + 类名 : 父类名｛

//成员变量 （属性，字段）

//｝@end

//@interface Person : NSObject{

//    char name[20];

//    int arge;

//    int face;

//}

//

//@end

//-(void)func;    //这个是oc最简单的方法（没有参数和返回值）

//- 代表这个方法是对象方法

//＋ 代表这个方法是类方法

//oc中返回值类型用（）

//在没有参数时函数名后面括号必须省略

//类的实现  @implementation +类名 ＋成员方法的实现 ＋@end

//oc类创建的对象中在外部函数（main）中不能直接使用成员变量

//内部函数 ->

下面介绍几个Objective-C （OC）中的数据类型：

1、NSNumber

首先开一下官方文档中的介绍

@interface NSNumber : NSValue

- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithChar:(char)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithUnsignedChar:(unsigned char)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithShort:(short)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithUnsignedShort:(unsigned short)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithInt:(int)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithUnsignedInt:(unsigned int)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithLong:(long)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithUnsignedLong:(unsigned long)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithLongLong:(long long)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithUnsignedLongLong:(unsigned long long)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithFloat:(float)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithDouble:(double)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithBool:(BOOL)value NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithInteger:(NSInteger)value NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0) NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

- (NSNumber *)initWithUnsignedInteger:(NSUInteger)value NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0) NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

@property (readonly) char charValue;

@property (readonly) unsigned char unsignedCharValue;

@property (readonly) short shortValue;

@property (readonly) unsigned short unsignedShortValue;

@property (readonly) int intValue;

@property (readonly) unsigned int unsignedIntValue;

@property (readonly) long longValue;

@property (readonly) unsigned long unsignedLongValue;

@property (readonly) long long longLongValue;

@property (readonly) unsigned long long unsignedLongLongValue;

@property (readonly) float floatValue;

@property (readonly) double doubleValue;

@property (readonly) BOOL boolValue;

@property (readonly) NSInteger integerValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

@property (readonly) NSUInteger unsignedIntegerValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

@property (readonly, copy) NSString *stringValue;

- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSNumber *)otherNumber;

- (BOOL)isEqualToNumber:(NSNumber *)number;

- (NSString *)descriptionWithLocale:(nullable id)locale;

@end

@interface NSNumber (NSNumberCreation)

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithChar:(char)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedChar:(unsigned char)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithShort:(short)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedShort:(unsigned short)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithInt:(int)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedInt:(unsigned int)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithLong:(long)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedLong:(unsigned long)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithLongLong:(long long)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedLongLong:(unsigned long long)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithFloat:(float)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithDouble:(double)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithBool:(BOOL)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithInteger:(NSInteger)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedInteger:(NSUInteger)value;

@end

大家看到官方文档可能会感到头疼，天了撸，怎么这么多啊，这要怎么记啊，其实大家不用紧张，小编第一次看到时也是很捉急，不过大家可以先记下小编给你们标记为红色的部分，因为他们是真爱，真爱，真爱（重要的话说三遍）。下面为大家带来几个小例子大家就不会在迷糊了