flask的安装与使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-22 02:42:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-22 02:42:35 发布

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分类专栏： python web 文章标签： flask python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mingover/article/details/100831254

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说明

最近的项目需要用到flask，貌似3年前用过，不过很久没搞了
以前java web比较熟。这里做个简单的入门记录

官网:
http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/flask/

下载与安装

pip install flask
建议用virtualenv

一个例子

在这里插入图片描述

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello World!'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

例子2

带参数

@app.route('/user/<username>')
def show_user_profile(username):
    # show the user profile for that user
    return 'User %s' % username

@app.route('/post/<int:post_id>')
def show_post(post_id):
    # show the post with the given id, the id is an integer
    return 'Post %d' % post_id

访问:
http://127.0.0.1:5000/post/122

http://127.0.0.1:5000/user/jjjjj

一个简易登陆逻辑

三个文件：

在这里插入图片描述
效果示意:

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- saved from url=(0022)https://i.huanqiu.com/ -->
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>
        首页
    </title>
</head>

<body>

<div class="publicHeader">
    <div class="header">
        <span class="pageTitle"><b>
            {% if uname %}
                <a href="/logout">登出</a>
            {% else %}
                 <a href="/login_page">登陆</a>
            {% endif %}

        </b></span>
    </div>

</div>

<div class="loginWarp">
    {% if uname %}
        <h1>Hello {{ uname }}!</h1>
    {% else %}
        <h1>你没有登陆，请先登陆!</h1>
    {% endif %}

</div>

<div class="publicFooter">
    <div class="footer">
    </div>
    <div class="copyright">这是首页</div>
</div>


</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- saved from url=(0022)https://i.huanqiu.com/ -->
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>
        登录
    </title>
</head>

<body>

<div class="publicHeader">
    <div class="header">

        <span class="pageTitle"><b>
            登录
        </b></span>

        <span class="loginBar">
		</span>

    </div>

</div>

<div class="loginWarp">
    <div class="loginMain">
        <div class="login">

            <form method="post" action="/login">
                <span class="title">用户登录</span>
                <em class="loginError"></em>

                <span class="userEmail"><input type="text" name="uname" value="dgm" style="ime-mode:disabled;"
                                               placeholder="unmae"></span>

                <span class="userPassword"><input type="password" name="pwd" value="123456" placeholder="pwd"></span>

                <span class="loginBtn">
	    				<input type="submit" value="登 录" name="submit">
	    			</span>

            </form>

        </div>
    </div>

</div>


<div class="publicFooter">
    <div class="footer">
    </div>
    <div class="copyright">这是登陆页</div>
</div>


</body>
</html>

app.py

from flask import Flask, escape, request, session, redirect, url_for,render_template

app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = "123456"

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return redirect(url_for('index'))


@app.route('/index')
def index():
    if 'uname' in session:
        uname = session['uname']
        return render_template('index.html', uname=uname)
    else:
        return render_template('index.html')


@app.route('/login_page')
def login_page():
    return render_template('login.html')

@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
     session.clear()
     return redirect(url_for('index'))


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    # 判空
    if (not 'uname' in  request.form) or not ( 'pwd' in  request.form):
        errmsg = "uname and pwd can not be null"
        print(errmsg)
        return errmsg

    uname = request.form['uname']
    pwd = request.form['pwd']
    # 判断 method
    if request.method == 'POST':
        print("yes,post")
    else:
        errmsg = "no,method is wrong," + request.method
        print(errmsg)
        return errmsg

    if uname == 'dgm' and pwd == '123456':
        # 放到session中
        # 这一行可能 会抛，The session is unavailable because no secret ，需要增加 app.secret_key = "123456" 这样的配置
        session['uname'] = uname
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    else:
        return "wrong uname or pwd"



if __name__ == '__main__':
    # app.run()
    app.run(debug=True)

app.py的说明

@app.route(’/’) 进首页跳到index

@app.route(’/index’) 为首页， session中有用户则显示用户，无用户则提示用户登陆

@app.route(’/login_page’) 进登陆界面

@app.route(’/logout’) 登出请求,把session给清空

@app.route(’/login’, methods=[‘GET’, ‘POST’]) 登陆提交,成功则进index

filter或拦截器之类

可以用
before_request，after_request

如：


@app.before_request
def print_request_info():
    print("请求地址：" + str(request.path))
    print("请求方法：" + str(request.method))
    print("---请求headers--start--")
    print(str(request.headers).rstrip())
    print("---请求headers--end----")
    print("GET参数：" + str(request.args))
    print("POST参数：" + str(request.form))

每次请求都会打印上面的内容

把路由的内容分到多个文件

我们现在是把 route都加到了app.js,如果业务变得很多这个内容就会很大，不好维护，所以我们需要多个文件来拆分，使用flask的 blueprint 模块

我们还是用之前的逻辑，
但尝试把下面三个请求扔到 auth.js中,
@app.route(’/login_page’)
@app.route(’/logout’)
@app.route(’/login’, methods=[‘GET’, ‘POST’])

[外链图片转存失败(img-25mITl06-1568452641771)(en-resource://database/3157:0)]

auth.py :

from flask import Flask, escape, request, session, redirect, url_for,render_template,Blueprint

mod = Blueprint('auth',__name__)


@mod.route('/login_page')
def login_page():
    return render_template('login.html')

@mod.route('/logout')
def logout():
     session.clear()
     return redirect(url_for('index'))

@mod.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    # 判空
    if (not 'uname' in  request.form) or not ( 'pwd' in  request.form):
        errmsg = "uname and pwd can not be null"
        print(errmsg)
        return errmsg

    uname = request.form['uname']
    pwd = request.form['pwd']
    # 判断 method
    if request.method == 'POST':
        print("yes,post")
    else:
        errmsg = "no,method is wrong," + request.method
        print(errmsg)
        return errmsg

    if uname == 'dgm' and pwd == '123456':
        # 放到session中
        # 这一行可能 会抛，The session is unavailable because no secret ，需要增加 app.secret_key = "123456" 这样的配置
        session['uname'] = uname
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    else:
        return "wrong uname or pwd"

app.py 有变化：

from flask import Flask, escape, request, session, redirect, url_for,render_template
from views import auth

app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = "123456"
app.register_blueprint(auth.mod,url_prefix='/')

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return redirect(url_for('index'))


@app.route('/index')
def index():
    if 'uname' in session:
        uname = session['uname']
        return render_template('index.html', uname=uname)
    else:
        return render_template('index.html')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # app.run()
    app.run(debug=True)

留意上面的 app.register_blueprint(auth.mod,url_prefix=’/’),即把其它模块的路由加上.
其它不变.