数据结构

数据结构顺序表链表常见操作

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

#define true 1
#define error 0
#define MAX 100
#define ElemType int

//顺序表

typedef struct
{
	int data[MAX];//顺序表元素
	int length;//顺序表当前长度
}Sqlist;

//数据元素的数据项

typedef struct
{
	int id;
	char *name;
};

//初始化顺序表

void initList(Sqlist *L)
{
	if (length > MAX)
	{
		return error;
	}
	memset(L->data, 0, sizeof(L));//初始化数据为0
	L->length = 0;
}

//创建顺序表

void create(Sqlist* L, int n)//初始化n个数据
{
	if (n<0 || n>MAX)
	{
		return error;
	}
	else
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			scanf("%d",&L->data[i]);
			L->length++;
		}
	}
}

//插入元素

void insertList(Sqlist* L, int i, ElemType e)
{
	if (i<1 || i>L->length + 1||L->length>MAX)
	{
		return error;
	}
	for (int j = L->length; j >= i; j--)//后移
	{
		L->data[j] = L->data[j - 1];
	}
	L->data[i - 1] = e;
	L->length++;
	return true;
}

//----------------------------------------
//单链表

typedef struct Node
{
	int data;
	struct node *next
}node,*LinkList;

//遍历单链表

void displaynode(LinkList L)
{
	LinkList p = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
	p = L->next;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		printf("%d", p->data);
		p = p->next;
	}
}

//求链表中元素个数

int length(LinkList L)
{
	int count = 0;
	LinkList p = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
	p = L->next;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		p = p->next;
		count++;
	}
	return 0;
}

//查找元素

int searchnode(LinkList L, int x)//查找x
{
	LinkList p = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
	p = L->next;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		if (p->data == x)
		{
			printf("%d", p->data);
			return true;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	return error;
}

//插入元素 假设在有一个p结点 在后面插入node结点

int insertnode(LinkList L, int i, int x)//在i位置插入 x
{
	LinkList p = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
	p = L;//工作指针p指向头结点
	int count = 0;
	while (p && count < i - 1)
		//查找第i-1个位置，-1就是找到那个位置，
		//插到他的前面，也就是插到了那个位置
	{
		p = p->next;
		count++;
	}
	if (p == NULL)//到最后一个结点都没有找到要插入的位置 
	{
		return error;
	}
	else
	{
		LinkList node = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
		node->data = x;//把插入结点的数据域赋为要插入的值
		node->next = p->next;
		p->next = node;
		return true;
	}
}

//创建单链表

int a[] = { 35,12,24,33,42 };//创建一个数组
//头插法
LinknewList(int a[], int n)//把数组a添加进去，共n个元素
{
	//创建头结点
	LinkList L = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
	L->next = NULL;
	//创建后续结点
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		LinkList node = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
		node->data = a[i];
		node->next = L->next;
		L->next = node;
	}
	return L;
}

//尾插法

LinknewList(int a[], int n)
{
	LinkList L = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
	L->next = NULL;
	LinkList rear = L;//刚开始头结点和尾结点是同一个 初始化尾指针
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		LinkList node = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
		node->next = NULL;//创建一个结点指针域就赋值为空
		node->data = a[i];
		rear->next = node;
		rear = node;
	}
	rear->next = NULL;
	return L;
}

//删除结点

int deletenode(LinkList L, int x)//删除x元素
{
	if (L == NULL || L->next == NULL)
	{
		return error;
	}
	LinkList p = L->next;
	LinkList q = L;
	while (p)
	{
		if (p->data == x)
		{
			q->next = p->next;
			free(p);
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			q = p;
			p = p->next;
		}
	}
	return error;//到循环结束都没有找到x元素
}

//释放单链表

int clearnode(LinkList L)
{
	LinkList L = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(node));
	while (L)
	{
		LinkList q = L;
		L = L->next;
		free(q);
	}
}

//循环列表就是最后一个结点指向不同

//栈和队列
//顺序栈

#define StackElemType int

typedef struct
{
	StackElemType elem[MAX];
	int top;
}SeqStack;

//初始化

void initStack(SeqStack* s)
{
	s->top = -1;
}

//栈空？

int isempty(SeqStack* s)
{
	return(s->top == -1 ? true : error);
}

//栈满？

int isfull(SeqStack* s)
{
	return(s->top==MAX?true:error);
}

//进栈

int push(SeqStack* s, StackElemType x)//x进栈
{
	if (s->top == MAX)
	{
		return error;
	}
	s->top++;
	s->elem[s->top] = x;
	return true;
}

//出栈

int pop(SeqStack* s, StackElemType* x)
{
	if (s->top == -1)
	{
		return error;
	}
	else
	{
		*x = s->elem[s->top];
		s->top--;
		return true;
	}
}

//取栈顶元素

int gettop(SeqStack* s, StackElemType* x)
{
	if (s->top == -1)
	{
		return error;
	}
	else
	{
		*x = s->elem[s->top];
	}
}

//两栈

typedef struct
{
	StackElemType Stack[MAX];
	StackElemType top[2];//top[0/1]是两个栈顶指示器
}DqStack;

//两栈进栈

int push(DqStack* s, StackElemType x, int i)
{
	if (s->top[0] + 1 == s->top[1])
	{
		return error;
	}
	switch (i)
	{
	case 0:s->top[0]++; s->Stack[s->top[0]] = x; break;
	case 1:s->top[1]++; s->Stack[s->top[1]] = x; break;
	default:return error;
	}
	return true;
}

//两栈出栈

int pop(DqStack* s, StackElemType *x, int i)
{
	switch (i)
	{
	case 0:if (s->top[0] == -1) return error;
		*x = s->Stack[s->top[0]]; s->top[0]--; return true;
	case 1:if (s->top[1] == MAX) return error;
		*x = s->Stack[s->top[1]]; s->top[1]--; return true;
	}
	return true;
}

//链栈

typedef struct node
{
	StackElemType data;
	struct node* next;
}LinkStackNode,*LinkStack;

//进栈

int push(LinkStack top, StackElemType x)
{
	LinkStack t = (LinkStack)malloc(sizeof(LinkStackNode));
	if (t == NULL)
	{
		return error;
	}
	else
	{
		t->data = x;
		t->next = top->next;
		top->next = t;
	}
}

//出栈

int pop(LinkStack top, StackElemType* x)
{
	LinkStack t = top->next;
	if (t == NULL)
	{
		return error;
	}
	top->next = t->next;
	*x = t->data;
	free(t);
	return true;
}

#define QueueElemType int
//队列

typedef struct node
{
	QueueElemType data;//数据域
	struct node *next//指针域
}LinkQueueNode;

typedef struct
{
	LinkQueueNode *front;//前指针
	LinkQueueNode *rear;//后指针
}LinkQueue;

//初始化队列

int initQueue(LinkQueue* Q)
{
	Q->front = (LinkQueueNode*)malloc(sizeof(LinkQueueNode));
	if (Q->front != NULL)
	{
		Q->rear = Q->front;
		Q->front->next = NULL;
		return true;
	}
	else//申请空间失败
	{
		return error;
	}
}

//入队操作

int enterQueue(LinkQueue* Q, QueueElemType x)
{
	LinkQueueNode* newnode = (LinkQueueNode*)malloc(sizeof(LinkQueueNode));
	if (newnode != NULL)
	{
		newnode->data = x;
		newnode->next = NULL;
		Q->rear->next = newnode;
		Q->rear = newnode;
		return true;
	}
	else
	{
		return error;
	}
}

//出队

int deleteQueue(LinkQueue* Q, QueueElemType *x)
{
	LinkQueueNode* p;
	if (Q->front == Q->rear)
	{
		return error;
	}
	else
	{
		p = Q->front->next;
		Q->front->next = p->next;//p出队
	}
	if (Q->rear == p)//队头只有一个元素p，出队后为空队
	{
		Q->rear = Q->front;
		*x = p->data;
		free(p);
		return true;
	}
}

//顺

序队列

typedef struct
{
	QueueElemType elem[MAX];
		int front;
		int rear;
}SeqQueue;

//初始化循环队列

void initQueue(SeqQueue* Q)
{
	Q->front = Q->rear = 0;
}

//循环队列入队

int EnterQueue(SeqQueue* Q, QueueElemType x)//元素x入队
{
	if ((Q->rear + 1) % MAX == Q->front)//队列已满
	{
		return error;
	}
	else
	{
		Q->elem[Q->rear] = x;
		Q->rear = (Q->rear + 1) % MAX;//重设置队尾指针
		return true;
	}
}

//循环队列出队

int DeleteQueue(SeqQueue* Q, QueueElemType* x)
{
	if (Q->front == Q->rear)
	{
		return error;
	}
	else
	{
		*x = Q->elem[Q->front];
		Q->front = (Q->front + 1) % MAX;//重新设置队头指针
		return true;
	}

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作者：吕文康
学校：山东第一医科大学
2020年12月4日